Google
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at |http: //books .google .com/I
AN^EX
ANf^EX
1^
r
nn ^
UNIVERSAL
DICTIONARY
OP
WEIGHTS AND MEASUKES,
ANCIENT AND MODERN;
REDUCED TO THE STANDARDS
OP THE
Ulntteb 0tatC5 of America,
BY
J. H. ALEXANDER.
BALTIMORE:
WM. MINIFIE AND CO.
1850.
^ .1 "^
' - - -
.,.'•-■*••- *
* "^ *
* * * 1 A • ■* '
* * -
TF!!: Nf.\V YORTn
PUBLFC LIBRARY
•*.^T0-?. LKNOX AND
. I LO Z N' r ."^ :j N D A r»0 NS
Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1S50,
Bt Wm. Minifie & Co.
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Maryland.
JOUtT D. TOT, PUINTBR.
STKKEOTTPED BY F. LUCAS, JR,
• - ♦
* •
ac3
• ••
. • • •
. • • •
•• ••• •••
• ^« •. • • •
, , ^ ••• :
:.' ;'• '. ••• •• • .
TO
ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE,
BUPSRINTENDANT OF WEIGHTS AND MBA8UBE8
OF THZ T7NITBD STATX8,
ITO. ETO. ETC.
TOKEN
or
FRIENDSHIP AND RESPECT
Tut" tit..,' V ji;<
PUBLIC LlBnARV
34405A
ASTOR. LENOX AND
TILJDEW FOUNDATIONS
K 1023 L
Ego quidem, poetquam a tenella jam state us maxime rebus operam dare cspi
qusB in publicum forent aliquando utiles, crescente dein avo, quicquid olim profuturum
videri poterat, sedulo amioiavi. Alea igitur a m^ jacta est in edendis quce turn ex
propriis, turn et ex aliorum observationibus collegeram.
EisENSCHMiD : de Pond, et Mens.
PREFACE.
The chief materials of the following Work have been gradually
accumulated during researches which from time to time, for several
years, I have occupied myself in making upon Weights and Measures.
These researches have been principally in an historical aspect ; and the
materials themselves were collected to serve for my own use as a guide
in detecting and, in the absence of other proof, of proving the migra-
tions and commerce of diiSerent nations and at different periods.
But when they had grown to nearly their present bulk, it occurred to
me that their publication in a shape somewhat like the present, might
be useful; not only to those whose tastes and studies were like my
own and whose investigations might thus come to be helped by my
labor, but also to others who might find them of convenient reference
and application in ordinary concerns of business or education.
To all these classes of persons and objects, I believe the present
collection will be found to oiOTer information more extensive, and more
convenient than any existing work ; while for the two latter, particu-
larly — ^the young, who are to learn, and those engaged in Commerce,
who are to apply — ^it supplies a defect which has been suffered for a
long time, the absence of any book, giving to any considerable extent,
much less universally, the reduction of foreign Weights and Measures to
our own American Standards. It is true the elder English Cambists,
before 1825, answered the purpose ; because up to that time the standards
of Great Britain and of the United States were substantially the same.
But these older works are now out of print and no longer generally
accessible ; and besides, since that time, there has been more than one
important addition to accuracy on this subject, so that they would need
considerable corrections. Since 1825, the English capacity-standards
differ systematically from our own ; and the values of the gallon and
bushel, for instance, given in newer Works for that country, no longer
serve for this.
VI PREFACE .
I believe it will be admitted, too, that the aim under which the
materials for this book were collected, does not fit it the less (but rather
the more) for practical utility, than if it had been set about originally
for that special end. The historian who is seeking to trace the footsteps
of Civilization through the dusky forest of antiquity and the tumultuous
and disturbed fields of more modern times, has as much motive for fastidi-
ous accuracy as if he was calculating the premium of an actual bill of
exchange ; the systems, upon which Weights and Measures have been
combined, and out of which their various values grow by multiplication
and subdivision of the unit, are for him of interest not only as a means
of deriving those values, but in their arithmetical proportions as in-
dications of the influence of Race and the effect of national habitude ; and
in the terminology and the very orthography of names, too generally
neglected or slurred over by the mere cambist, he looks for, and finds
sometimes, a thread to guide him through the maze. In attention to
these particulars, the present Work will be found, I hope, unless by
accident, unexceptionable.
The student, who may be tempted by his own inclination to use it
farther than as a means of reference only, may find, here and there,
discrepancies between the systematic and actual value of terms. These,
in some cases, have arisen and are allowed to stand ; on the principle
of presenting for every term its best ascertained actual value in all cases
where the units of the system have not been connected with some
physical constants, as, for instance, the gravitation of water or the
vibrations of a pendulum. Thus, comparisons have been made some-
times of two or more members of the same system (e. g. of a half-gallon
and a pint ;) and the result would be a different value for the unit, (e. g.
the gallon) according as one or the other determination was adopted.
In such cases, the denominations actually compared, are given with their
own resulting values ; while that of the unit and the other members
derived from it, has been generally deduced to correspond with the
larger measure as being liable to the least absolute error. Where results
have been given, between whose claims to confidence I could not decide,
I have taken the mean ; and where the difference was not great, altered
the dependent measures accordingly. So that values may be found
here, differing from those given generally; but, I believe nearer the
truth. I would gladly, were there room, enter somewhat into the discus-
sion of these principles and of the cases where they have been applied.
PREFACE. TU
In other regards, the details of form and arrangement, etc., I believe
the order is sufficiently simple and perspicuous (as it ought to be) not to
need further reference or explanation. Had the circumstances allowed,
I would have added a supplementary alphabetical Part, to contain various
items which, although not Weights or Measures themselves, are yet sus-
ceptible of being weighed or measured, and have actually to be so in the
practical concerns of life; for instance, tables of the specific gravity,
cohesive force, expansion, etc., of diflferent substances ; the reduction and
comparison of thermometric and hygrometric scales; the result of
dynamometric experiments upon the effect of different natural agents
for producing motion; the comparison of figure, weight, and size in
different branches of the human race, etc. etc. Should what is now
offered, meet with favor from the Public, such particulars may be added
hereafter to fill up the practical scope of the Work.
I have not included Coins and Money in the present arrangement,
which are themselves such valuable means for determining the Weights
and Measures of antiquity especially ; not because they have not formed
an important part of my research, but because they have been already
largely explored, the results are generally accessible, and the introduction
of them here would have greatly enlarged the size and cost without
proportionately increasing the value of the book. A reduction of modern
Coins, especially, to the standard of the United States, in a similarly
alphabetical arrangement, would no doubt be a useful manual of refe-
rence; so far as the theory of the Mints of many European States goes,
this would be an inconsiderable task : but its principal value would be in
shewing the actual deviations in practice from the theoretical aim — what
the coins really are, not what they ought to be — and in the authenticity
of such a demonstration. It is manifest that a work of this sort, is more
appropriate to such a public Institution as a National Mint, which both
could command, better than most private individuals, a sufficient col-
lection of the coins in question to afford a reliable average, and would
win, better than a more obscure source, confidence and reliance in the
results.
Finally, if I may be allowed in connection with this Work and its appro-
priate applications, to allude to certain dreams of my own (as they may
be ; although I consider them capable, without undue effort, of a more
prompt and thorough realization than seem? to be ordinarily anticipated)
VIU PREFACE.
as to the prevalence, some day, of an universal conformity of Weights and
Measures, I must acknowledge, that such a result was one of the ends I
had in view in the original collection of materials. Not, that such a work
was going to show more emphatically than business men feel and reflect-
ing men know, the importance of such an universal conformity ; or that
a book, whose pages deal in discords, could of itself produce unison : but
that the first step to any harmonious settlement, is to see clearly and at
a glance where the differences lie, and what they are. If a Millennial
period for this world is ever to come as many vise hare deemed and
pious prayed, it must be preceded by one common language and one
common system of Weights and Measures as the basis of intercourse.
And the way to that is to be built, not by the violent absorption of other
and diverse systems into one, but rather by a compromise into which
all may blend. When the Earth in her historical orbit shall have
reached that point (as it stood ere mankind were scattered from the
plain of Shinar) and not till then, may we begin to hope that her revolu-
tions will be stilled, and that before long the Weights and Measures of
fleeting Time, will be merged and lost in the infinite scales and
illimitable quantities of Eternity.
Baltimore, 29 August^ 1850.
DICTIONARY
OP
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
AAM.
i0^^^>^^^^0^^m^^f^^^^^^^^^^^^^i^t^^^^*^^^^0^0^^
ACHTERLI.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALUE.
Aam; forwine
" far oU.,,
*€
€t
Abas; for pearls,
Abtlcco
Accino
Acetabulum . . . .
Achana
Achtel
c<
«
C(
(C
c<
cc
€i
<i
It
for wheat.
" for oaU. . <
Achtendeel . . . . <
C(
Achterli
Anuterdam,
Antwerp
BruMUfie
Rotterdam
Persia
Pegu
Naples
Ancient Romans.
•>»'
Ancient Qredu.
Augsburg
FVanJcfort
Hanover
Munich
Prussia
Vienna
WUrtemberg. . . .
liquid capacity
• >»'
weight
«>»•
'»>«
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
'»>'
• • • ••»»• • • • '
fVHrxhurg.
'»'
»»••••
Dordrecht.
Rotterdam,
Worcum , .
Berne ....
liquid capacity
dry capacity ...
length
dry capacity...
solid
dry capacity....
'»>"
solid
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
»»<
•»•
'»»•
•»>'
'»»•
41,00041
37,72990
37,56347
39,62018
40,55925
2,88
0,424107
0,66
0,01782
0,00191
1,46973
0,03877
3,25626
0,1198 '
0,13125
393,065
0,21814
0,07861
14,948
2,47345
2,45443
3,79181
0,86198
0,95095
1,17315
0,04970
gallons.
(C
<c
t€
ii
grains.
pounds.
grains.
gallons.
bushels.
cc
gallons.
bushels.
inches.
bushels.
cub. feet.
gallons.
tt
cub. feet.
gallons.
bushels.
(t
cc
tt
tt
tt
Acre =: 4840 square yards. Bushel •-= 2150,43 cubic inchee. Cubic foot = 17S8 cubic inches.
Gallon ss 231 cubic inches. Mile » 1760 yards. Pound ^ 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
B
ACKER
ALQUEIRE.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTEB.
VALUE.
Acker ; meadow [Bamberg.
iiUage
wood-land
t*
it
it
((
((
it
tt
(<
UUage
wood-land.
Acre
** M meaaure.
Actus
** major. . .
" simplex.
Adarm^
Adodlie. . .
Ady
Atting. . . .
Agtust^ra. .
Ag^to
Agxdrages
Ahm
€t
((
(C
((
Akgna. . .
Akej. . . .
Akker...
Ako
Album. .
Alen. ...
Almtld. .
Almtlde.
€t
tt
Aln
AlquSire.
tt
»»•
superficial
• ••>»••
Erfurt.
Gotha.
• »»•
Hene CkuMd
IMpeic
IVeimar
Great Britain.,. .
Scotland
United Statee . . .
Ancient Romant,
'»»•
>»•
CaetiUe
Canary I.
Bombay
Malabar
Stoeden
Cerigo
Pegu
Cfuinea
Aix-la- Cha/peOe. .
Hamburg
Hanover
Leiptic
Labec
Ancient Gredu. .
Guinea
Ameterdam
Hungary
Ck)penhagen
•»»•
'•»•
'!»'
•»>•
'»»'
'»»'
'»>"
'»»"
'»>•
length....
superficial
11'
weight
'»»'
»>•
Iceland.
Turkey,,.
Cktnary I.
• • •»»
Liebon —
Stockholm.
Lisbon. , . .
Oporto.,.,
dry capacity. . .
length. . . «
liquid capacity
'»>'
weight
' • •»
liquid capacity
• »>'
'»»<
superficial
weight
superficial. . . . .
liquid capacity
superficial
length
'»»>
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
superficial
liquid capacity
length
liquid capacity
• >»"
1,5024 acres.
1,1661 "
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
1,2867
0,6522
0,5610
0,8373
0,5897
1,3624
0,7042
1.
1,2707
1.
38,82655 yards.
0,3115 acres.
0,0104 "
27,78 grains.
27,70 "
0,20833 bushels.
0,29047 yards.
4,14495 gallons.
0,30131 '«
0,848214 pounds.
62,04 grains.
36,08777 gallons.
38,14730
41,43950
40,07686
39,57385
. 0,0023 acres.
20,03 grains.
2,0318 acres.
18,49510 gallons.
0,0568 acres.
0,68647 yards.
0,62417 "
1,38086 gallons.
0,14807 bushels.
0,0416 acres.
4,36973 gallons.
0,64763 yards.
2,18475 gallons.
3,31279
((
tt
ft
tt
tt
Acre =s 4840 square jrards. Boshel s 3150,^ cubic inches. Cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches.
Gallon =s 831 cubic inches. Mile s 1760 yards. Pound — 7000 grains. Yard =s 36 inches.
2
ALQKEIRE.
ARN.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
^«*''""'-
VALDE.
dry capacity...
0,86326 buabel*.
0,38367 "
1,2890S "
l,13ffla "
41,46637 galloM.
39,56637 '■
0,57359 yards.
0,47799
0,21746 gallons.
6,84100 ■■
10,26160 ■•
136,94988 "
1,0499 inches.
0,7600
10.36634 galloiu.
10,26010
12,45491
9.07319
9,57413
9,88004
9,88157
9,53653 ■•
10,35SSS "
9,81623
9,89346
9,56853
10,13915
0,068333 pounds.
14,l>4 gmics.
0,19
13,35335 gallonfl.
0,4656 acres.
1,06334 yards.
0,87377 "
0,77803 "
6,16484 bushels.
0,11466
0,33333
0,02-17 acres.
0.3116
27,78 grains.
0,62750 yards.
„
„
"
A°m
Slottholm
liquid capacity
^»dm( tfdrnw.
liquid capacity
A
Ara'^hilreUB
F ■
"
.dncinl Hindoo:
'
"^
gtb
Stockholm
liquid capacity
^:r*"
„ ,^e„„utu»rl
'
„
BnwtiMC
.,
CownAo
Homfiur^™
„
g *
„
M«JrI«.tuf
floHn-AjiH *
Anna
Sndi
^K*-*
" /or go« and riioo-. . .
Hungary.
liquid capacity
aupcrficiat
^ .
P -
Oh
dry rapacity...
Conrf
„
?lfn«n>inA
"
ATmee
superficial
""^ht
OonUic
Acre - 4840 Wqtisie jmiIb. II
Gnlloa = a3l fuWc filches.
^hPl ^3150,42 culilc
«il(i^l-%ayardi.
Founil ^ 'nM gniini
= 1738 vMf inctio..
VsoJ^aOinche..
3
_
hgat
ordinary . .
^ Parit..
Juch
Bayonnt , ,
Striuburg ..
Tbulmtt.. ,
Iburi
Porlnsal . . .
jUicanI
foreO
flwoS
Baltaric I. ■
Galicia
ParlugtU, lie
Valtneia
Alicant..
Vdleneia . • ^ •
Vaijwaiio . .
\ E^ypliant.
Anciient Peniant . .
ArH:ienl Rom
Atnttrrdam . .
1. 0457
1,2766
3,64037
3,57961
3,72368
4,363IM
3,318S3
3,57961
9,90667
2,38663
. 14S^ I
Inclmi. MUD^neOyurdi.
AS.
AZUMBRE.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALUE.
Ab or AflS.
Ab or Es..
Ab or AfiNS.
«
Asn^; forvoine.
c<
((
Asparez; great.
" tmoK.
AtCmo
«
((
AuloB or Stadium
Aune ; dd meature. . . .
old meature . . . ,
if Brabant
old meature . . .
old meature, ...
uawd, m 1837.
IMUOZ
retot/
wholetale
before 1823
since 1823
ofd measure.,. .
qf Paris
((
€t
i€
t€
«
((
€t
€€
i€
a
€€
ii
€t
<(
C(
Si
S€
St
SS
dd mecuttre.
usual
old measure,
old measure,
oldmetisure.
SS
old measure.
old measure.
Ayminate
AzQmbrc
SS
Cologne. . . .
Copenhagen.
Stockholm....
Zurich
Lyons
'»»<
MaQon
Anc^t Armenians
weight
'»>
•»>•
•>»"
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
'»
•»<
Milan.
Parma
Turin
Ancient Greeks. .
Avignon
Burgundy,
Brussels
Cambray
France
•»•
French W. Indies
Geneva
'»»'
Lausanne.
Lorraine.
Lucerne.
Lyons,
'»»«
Mechlin . . ,
Morlaix...
Picardy . . ,
Rennes ....
RocheUe...
S. Malo. . .
IS. Omer...
Perpignan,
Asturias . .
Castille . . .
Valencia...
itinerary.
» . . . .
length...
'»>
•>>•
itinerary ,
length . . .
•>»<
'if
'»>•
•»>'
•»<
'»*"
•>»•
'>»<
•»>•
'*»•
»»»'
•if
•ii'
•»i'
'ii'
•»»•
•if
•ii'
•if
superficial
liquid capacity
it
•a
0,90
0,89
0,74
0,83
21,65099
6,83660
7,26767
0,1918
0,1342
0,0134
0,0124
0,0117
0,1149
1,27644
0,88397
0,76106
0,78363
1,29972
1,31236
1,30264
1,25081
1,29972
1,17678
1,31236
0,69939
1,29972
0,68647
1,22855
1,31236
0,75350
1,47333
0,87492
1,51386
1,29972
1,47333
0,78894
1,4641
0,59704
0,50986
0,77827
grains.
SS
«
((
gallons.
bushels.
((
miles.
St
inches.
(C
((
miles,
yards.
St
St
SS
SS
St
tt
€t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
acres.
gallons.
((
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 3150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches.
Gallon =: 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
BAC»EL.
BARILE.
SAlld.
licillTT.
— -1 ""-
drjcpiicilj...
0^945 bUBbels.
1.39996 '■
0,W999 ■■
1,27912 "
0,3!)8T Bfrea.
0,3S113 biMhck.
597,607 pountta.
396
406,777500 "
61D,1GG-2jO "
815.625
520,6752
500.
495.— ..
183,007813 "
405 -.
460. "
a,035 baabela.
12,70
336,6 pounds.
500—
375.—
600—
S63,B
0,09223 buabelfl.
0,05676 "
13,99667 yardB.
4,30333 "
6,67049 gnltoiu.
9,85120 ■'
13,67876 "
0.66260 busliels.
0,34110 "
0,47297 "
0,4S526 ■'
11,34909 guilonfl.
I4,4<«98 "
36,93492 "
12,04229 "
9.63384 "
19.60361 ■'
„
,.
Z„te
"
fonioit/ilci
drycapMity...
weight
Baliir
-<"*»*«
"
" -™!i"^
.-
„
„
MWowi
drycBpMity...
Bald '/ TOol
ft*-rf-/flW
" fuTtotbm; mtan. ...
l™.™.«.
SwUUiraltiu...
drycapicity...
„ '
<• nt Atbar
-IneinJffiwJoM.
- ■ (
Soutttiri^anM..
liquid copocily .
drycffflcity....
„
liquid CM«ri^.
«' /■ nl
„ "^
..
Flamvx
'■ foroa
-
Gi]lon = B3l cuhic Inohei'
ihvl^a\5a^4^iiU
iMhiM. Ciihic faoI^ITaO^ubiclncbsK.
round = 7U.10 grain,. Tard = a6Ji.ch«.
6
__
BARILE.
BARUAY.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALtTB.
Barile; far oil
4*
" for wine
** for brandy, mm, ^c.
Genoa
Ionian Isles.
Leghorn.,,.
ts
C(
€t
" for wine.
*' for oil..
S€
tt
tt
t€
if
for wine,
for oil,.
• •• • • <
" for salt
" foffi?^^ ••••
Barley-oorn; imaginary....
Barrel; for lamp oU
" for wine and brandy. .
for beer, before 1803 . .
for die, etc
Barcelona wine
Claret
Lubon
Madeira
Port
Sherry
Brandy, etc
for com
for fish
for flow...
for lime
for salted proviaions, ,
Barril;/or honey
€€
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
** for raitins.
tt
tt
Bartlay.
((
. .„ ... •
Malta...
Modena,
Naples.,
Palermo,
Pcttras,,
Pisa,,..
'»>•
Ragusa
Rome..,
'»»"
Sardinia
ZanU
Cephalonia . . .
Leghorn
JEngland....*.
Cincinnati..,
Great Britain.
•»'
»»'
London.
'»»'
'$»•
'»•
•>»'
'»><
UniUd States,
Maryland.,,,
'»»'
'»»>
'it'
' • •*>• • •
Haoana,
Lisbon,.
Malaga.
Minorca
THpoli..
Madras .
Mysore .
liquid capacity.
'»>'
•>»<
•>»'
•>»'
'»>'
•>»'
•»» '
•»>•
'»»'
•»»<
•»i"
•>»'
•»»'
'»>'
'»»'
weight.
length ; . . .
liquid capacity.
•»»<
•»»'
'»»'
•»»«
•>»<
•»»'
'»•
• >»"
•*»'
dry capacity . * .
weight
•»»'
'»»"
liquid capacity.
>>»'
>»>
weight
liquid capacity.
'»»"
weight.
'»<
17,08351
17,99845
12,04123
11. •
11.
11,00566
11,57321
9,43644
13,53912
12,04229
9,63384
20,36151
15,41260
15,18510
8,87638
17,62596
67,244478
74,860821
0,33
43.—
31,5
32,0
36,0
30,0
29,0
35,0
27,5
34,5
32,5
31,5
6.—
220.—
196.—
320.-^
31,9
6.—
78,65514
50,6
8,34375
17,11873
499,971360
485,486114
gallons.
tt
tt
tt
ft
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
(C
((
tt
pounds.
inches,
gallons.
((
tt
t,
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
bushels,
pounds.
tt
tt
gallons.
tt
tt
pounds,
gallons.
cc
pounds.
tt
Acres: 4840 square yards, fushel s: 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon s: 331 cubic inches. Mile =s 1760 yards. Pound =» 7000 grains.
= 17S6 cubic inches.
Yard :=. 36 inches.
BATH.
BICHET.
KAME.
LOG ALITT.
CHARACTER.
VA LUE.
Bath....
Batman
€(
t«
i€
€t
Batzendingli
Bau
Becher
i(
€€
€t
tt
((
It
Becherlein
Beczka
" Mince 1819.
Bedodr
Beka
B€ma; apUtdn,,,
« dijiodn . .
Benda
Benda-ofia
BeneriformUk ,
Berkowitz
tt
tt
Berri
Bes or Bessis....
tt
tt
tt
tt
Beson . . .
Bhaur. . .
Bich^r^e.
Bichet . .
tt
tt
Ancient HtArew*
Aleppo
Ctm<tofi/tfiop2«...
Shiraz
Smyrna
Tawrit
Salolhwm
Oldenburg
Ba»el
Berne
^runnne
Carltruhe
Lucerne
Unierwaiden. ...
Vienna
Zurich
Lausanne ,
Poland
liquid capacity
weigiit
• ••» .•.•••....»•
Malacca
Ancient Hibrewt
Ancient Greeks . .
'»»•
Guinea.
«>>
GraubAndten . . . .
Narva
Riga
St. Petersburg,. .
Constantinopie.. .
Ancient Romans
•ft
'99
•>»
't»
Augsburg
Surat. . . ..«. .'-...
Lyons
Beaune
ChoisetU
Friburg
Geneva
•»>
•»
•M
•>»
dry capacity . . .
superficial
dry capacity . . .
liquid capacity
dry capacity ...
'»>
'»>
'»»
•>»
liquid capacity
►»
>»»
' » •
weight.
'»
length .
• •••»»•••
weight.
'»»
liquid capacity
weight ,
•» '
•>»
itinerary
weight
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
length
superficial
liquid capacity
weight
superficial
dry capacity . . .
'M
•>»
'»»
10,26150
16,880930
19,131937
10,123687
16,874930
6,016849
0,02349
0,3672
0,06059
0,05621
0,05417
0,00426
0,06164
0,06164
0,01363
0,18162
0,03566
36,07036
26,41780
2,711860
0,016043
0,84286
1,68672
0,141356
0,070678
0,70447
412,758814
368,676121
360,676400
1,0358
0,481265
0,57003
0,01021
7,7663
0,4153
2,48693
900.
0,3196
6,64046
1,63241
0,45311
1,10192
gallons.
pounds.
((
<•
tt
tt
bushels.
acres.
bushels.
gallons.
bushels.
«
((
tt
tt
gallons.
((
tt
tt
pounds.
((
yards.
tt
pounds.
((
gallons.
pounds.
tt
tt
miles.
pounds.
gallons.
bushels.
inches.
acres.
gallons.
pounds.
acres.
bushels.
tt
tt
tt
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon r= 231 cubic inches. MUe =r 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains.
= 1728 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 inches.
8
BICHET.
BOISSEAU.
"
N*-«.
LOCAL.T,.
LonaiM
dry CBpacilf . . .
a,ai348 blwhcU.
1,13437
0,415ff7 "
7,00450 'I
S.M309 "
1,7I02« gslloiu.
0,3308 acres.
0,4500
0,5119
0,&S77
0,6074
34,33747 gsllciiu.
34,23747
ra,S76 pouodB.
0,ffl97 Bcna.
0.7009
0,7631
l,W4ia bu*liclB.
13,310620 pound..
13.2
0,34603 '■
0,34337 "
0,365149 "
0,30090 ■■
0.37607 •■
0,3501fl ■■
0,30090
0.27607 '■
0,20791 "
0,37514 ■■
0,o€413 "
0,48164 "
0.54333 "
0,20670
0,36-35 ■■
36,
0,31244 biuhclB.
2,65789 ■'
2,21491 ■'
2,03034 '■
..
'
Buperflciid
„
„
B' -
liquUcap^ciV.
^.
Boloena.
„
ilrycapMcity...
Noneay
„
Ihjuia cipncity.
..
"
„
„
" /orwmt
" /uroil
„
BOCDV
BoiBBcau; aldmfanri
A>^iu
dry capacity...
jicre = 46«iqua«)™rd.. Du
.bei = 3150,43 cubic
Me = 1780, «d,.
inclia. Cubic Awl -^ 1738 guHhi jikJus.
ound^TOOOgtoJM. ■Yard = 36iucl.«i.
"
9
BOISSEAU.
BOTTA.
HAJK. 1 LOCAUTT. |CHA«ACT«..
yALVt.
Bu\^a\l,tlldmtaml
/r™ I8IJ ta 1840. .
Jrjcapiuily...
0,92288 bmhel^
0,35473 ■■
1.13437 "
0,24610 •■
0,25834 '■
0,35473 ■'
0,3E116 "
0,35473 ■■
0,95918 '•
1,41890 "
0,64»a
0,69107 "
0,0308 acres.
0,07«)
0,0219
0,9443
4.09737 buahcls.
5,96259
3,3507 urrca.
3,0042
3,2671
3,6025
2,1536
3,3365 "
3,0543
2,3636
1,2110 incht..
241,47474 yaUon*.
127,89121
127,79092 "
113,63089 "
129,95973 "
171.18735 ■■
133,6
129,97852 «
113,23728 "
246,6
132,08900 "
171.18736 "
/.^ i ;:
,v™,„..'::;;:"'i ::
Imtanirt
" old •ntaturi
/or v^htal. old maw.
^
" ■'
>u[M-rfi.-i<>l
„
„
Poilin-i
..
nA«l
Sm(/-m<I
drycnpacilj,...
^ndwrp
■upcficiol
,.
„
„
„
" troallaad
„
.,
-1
iV«./cAoW
liquid capacity.
„
P^rhtfol
- .t
..
.,
..
"
,.
'■as.~'„T=.s."ffir.sss%sr£",;rrT.S'JKri"
BOTTLE.
BHACCIO.
KAMB. I 1CCA..,TV. 1 C„A-ACT = ..
VAL...
Bottle; /orWMjnMUn
UniildSiaUl....
liquid capacity
0.1875 {fiullLinB.
0,2
0,60021
0,713^ ■'
o,a(iica
0,713-23
0,25065
2,37756 yards.
2,39057 "
1,90449 "
0.70370 "
0,59505
0.71759 •■
0,70561 "
0,73711 "
0,69992 "
0,65061 "
0.73667 ••
0,63762 "
0,63564 "
0,70493 "
0,75517 ■'
0.6392S "
0,49983 "
0,65062 "
0,64142 "
0,63170 ■'
0,76411
0,&1306 "
0,69993 "
0,63925
0,7Kil9 ■■
0,57941 ■'
0,92743 "
0,69656 "
0,65647 ■'
0.41-237 "
0,69336
0,73931 "
BOZZK
Iltten
1
Porftwal
^
Bracctu
Jnc™
Act dim
£oto
Brescia
o™
FflTora
„
g
" aJd
•• "-"-■■.■•«..«,
" dilegna; raroejing
Rome
imflOB-.'
Aerc=4S44i«|uuei»rda. Bii»liel=ai50,4a ™biq incliM. Cubic n«t= ITB) rul.ir iiirhci.
OsUon =331 cubic idehiM. Mile-^ITW yirdB. Pouiid = 7000 poini. Yntd^K inches.
BRACCIO.
BUSHEL.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALUE.
Braccio ; for nlk
'* for wooUen$.
Braccio quadrato. . . .
«( i€
Brande
Braza «
Braza or Brazd,da.
(«
t«
tnartne, . . .
" reale
Braza cuadrada.
((
«
BrazzC'tto
Brent ; for pUuter.
Brenta
«
<i
«
((
(C
((
((
Venice,
tt
€i
<€
((
Brente
«
«
Broc
Brochet
Bucket ; for chalk
Bullah ; for grain >
Buncal ; for gold
• ••>» ••
Florence. . .
Parma. . . .
NettfchaUl,
Alicant . . .
Canary I..
Spain...: .
■>»'
Bunder
Buahcl ; imperial
oldm. Winchester,
old m. for coal ; nett
" heaped.
old meaeure
for coal; heaped. . .
standard
Valencia...
Canary I. .
Spain
Valencia. .
Tessino. . . ,
Berne
Bergamo..,
Cremona. . ,
Milan
Parma. . . .
Placentia..
TBSsino. . .
7Wtn
Verona. . . ,
Aarau ... .
Berne
Friburg.. .
SolotJnum..
Lausanne..
Neufchatd.
England . .
Mysore . . .
Malacca . .
Singapore .
Sumatra . .
Holland. . .
England . .
'tt'
• tt'
Ireland.
•tf
United States
length... .
• • • •»»
superficial.
'»»•
liquid capacity
length
'»"
'»»•
•»»'
"»»'
superficial.
length
dry capacity...
liquid capacity
tt
• »>
■ >» "
'tf
' »>•
• >»•
dry capacity. . .
weight
•tf
'tt '
superficial
dry capacity.. .
t»
•tt
•tt
'tf
• >»•
'»».'
0,69860
0,74739
0,0008
0,00007
10,06145
1,97947
1,99461
1,82636
1,82636
2,23183
0,0008
0,00076
0,0010
0,43417
1,52078
18,98383
38,83417
19,95917
19,02082
20,07753
11,70837
14,88220
18,62455
17,66030
11,03736
10,31615
10,52868
3,56640
4,02458
1,54660
4,226400
0,102457
0,118857
0,105857
2,4711
1,03152
1
1,03130
1,30900
1,01190
1,26603
yards.
««
acres.
««
gallons.
yards.
(<
tt
tt
tt
acres.
tt
ft
yards.
bushels.
gallons.
ft
tt
ft
tt
It
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
bushels.
pounds.
tt
tt
ft
acres.
bushels.
((
«
tt
tt
tt
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile =^ 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains.
12
= 1728 cubic hiches.
Yard = 36 inches.
BUSHEL.
BOTT.
NA«..
LOcAtirr.
TALOB.
PhilaMphia
B^ ponwb.
4S
48
63
60
20
62
69
66
66
66
88
33
S7
64
■W
66
66
66
66
60
60
60
- I
..
vuiUi or ^i^dim earn.
„nio«
tond
Krtotow
niM-HHl
^
.,
trmndKll
,.
flo™,.
4^ g^ins.
3,43941 buslicte.
4,02826 '■
4,3316a "
4,43406 ■•
13134416 galloiu.
120.
130.
Ba
ltc;/or™aI,-MM
I^onifort
dry capttcily . . .
ffumOarmrtaiK.
U Iff bttr or for(cr
llqrid cajacity
Aen.=4BWM,llll«T»<X' Ba
i,ft-aiM,49 cubic
nund=;uM grain.
~Yan! = 3SiBcliM,
!3
CAB.
CANDIL.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALVE.
Cab or Kab. .
Caban qfrice.
((
«
of cocoa.
of rice
Cable- length ; marine.
Cadarp
Cad6e
Cado
CaiTiso ; for oil
((
((
it
t€
tt
Cahlz.
tt
tt
tt
for oil.
tt
Cahizada
Calow
" old measure.
" eince 1819 . .
Calvia
Campo
tt
tt
tt
tt
Can..
Cafia
tt
" for doth
ft
tt
tt
Canada. .
tt
tt
Canado..
Canan . . .
Cand^a.
Candil..
Ancient Uifyrevot
Manilla
'»»'
Ternate
£!r»g/atu2and U. S.
TorioBa
Morocco
Santa Maura.. . .
Malta
Messina
Palermo
TriesU
Algiers
Tunis
Alicant
Aragon
CastiUe
Valencia
• • • •»»••
Cracow
Poland.
BeUuno,,,
Padua . . .
Rovigo . . ,
Treviso. . .
Venice . . .
Verona...
An-nam. ,
Aragon. . ,
Barcelona.
• • •>»
Majorca, . . .
Minorca . . .
Tortosa ....
Bahia
Lisbon
Rio Janeiro.
Galicia
Siam
Mysore
Sumatra . . .
dry capacity,
weight
if
'»f
length
liquid capacity
length
dry capacity.. .
liquid capacity
• »»■
■>»•
dry capacity . . .
'»»'
>»■
'»»"
'»>'
superficial
length... .
>i»<
'»>"
dry capacity . . .
superficial
• »>'
• »»■
weight,
length.
•»»"
•»»•
'»»«
'»»•
liquid capacity
•>»•
•»>•
•»»•
•>»•
dry capacity . . .
weight
0,06124
133.
8.3,50
100,333333
240.
0,54421
0,66497
1,73032
5,49966
3,09062
3,09062
3,15439
9,00713
15
6,99149
5,12195
18,66137
5,76130
1,0261
1,1694
0,9771
0,9449
0,33983
0,9541
1,0996
1,2855
0,6881
0,7528
1,377520
2,26568
1,69732
0,84866
1,71044
1,75419
1,74074
1,87272
0,36414
0,36414
10,42182
0,62374
11,13333
423,43
bushels,
pounds.
tt
tt
yards.
gallons.
yards.
bushels.
gallons.
ft
tt
tt
bushels.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
acres.
inches.
((
bushels.
acres.
((
tt
tt
tt
pounds,
yards.
«
tt
tt
tt
gallons.
ft
tt
tt
tt
bushels,
pounds.
Acre = 4840 gquare yardB. Bushel = 2150,^ cubic inches. Cubic foot =1738 cubic inches.
Gallon = 231 cubic inchett. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
— _
CANDY.
CANTARA.
Ki««.
^o■:AL,TT.
— "■ — 1
.lAm«Jn«gg»-...
*"Sbt
1677,14 poundt.
483.02
500,—
669,968
26— buabek.
620,67 pouudi.
600.—
499,97136 "
74,46461 gallon..
696,M pound!.
486,486714 "
588,0386
486,49
11,16199 InuheU.
340.16 pouudi.
600,64
0,26169 gslloui.
0,68308 yard..
2,65018
3,19122 "
2,46177 ■■
3,26902
2.65297 "
3.64658 "
2,59409 "
2,48123 "
2,31114 "
2,30686 "
2,06951 '■
8,19011 '■
2,I7B63 '■
2.44344 ■'
237073
2.17490 "
2.23S90 "
1.96180
a,312?6 "
2.20117 "
2,18727 "
1.96417 ••
1.99190 ^llooB.
dry capacitj .. .
'^ieht
liquid upujty
"«i(rht
Malabar
SermgBpotan ...
dry ai[«eily... .
wd«bt
Simii.
'■ /orpmw
TVowBeore
Uquid capacity
gth
" taneyort'
Catme
.dii
lMimf»fI-
^pmn; Tbrtora. .
liquid capacity
Aon!^4M0fiqnam j-irJ*. a
i1i<[ ^ 3150,43 dulii
P.iiinil = 7IX)0giaiiw. VnRl = 3aincliM.
CAfJTARA.
CANTARO.
.A.t.
lOCAL.TY.
CB^.^CT...
TALO*.
Cotars; -Hxuiwn
*>«,«, • On«lo.,
liTjuid capacitj
4,87144 g&lloiu.
3,37538
93,31 pound..
G06,4«
154,470M
119,06
96,66
96—
130,4
199,87
163.7iSa
340,8
91,73
95,0313
lie,fi7
140,30084
395,4800 "
113.3
74,86
119,78
115.31
10J33
148,34
118.8
119,78
191 .97
174,5047
88,20
133,71
118,66
196,450464 ■'
106,050 "
192,656830 ■'
175,04
11B,31 ■'
74,756
119,6096
186,89
747,56
137,49
111,20951
Canlartllo
&>nH>iu
-isl'.
.,
■' /or eoMw.
■ < ■ ■
■' immntMi
■' tMono^S
„
" *^
„
„
.,
„
„
" ^teta
" barbaraeo
" »[W<
„
„
„
7HpoIitn-4/rica
A««n.4e40iqiul«Ttrdi. B
ti.d)oii = 931i:iibkindi«.
)hel = 91S0,43 cubic Lnchu. -Cubic fooi = 1^^ cubie inctau. 1
«Ue = 17B0j«<U, PtmBd = 7000 grain.. Y«d=3(tmdn»
CANTARO.
CARRO.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALUE.
Cantaro.
Capicha
Cardx;ter; apothecary,.
Carafia
" foroa
Carara
Car^t ; precious atones,
" diamofids, etc, .
*' pearls
*' precious stones.
«
Carato.
((
(<
<c
it
t€
precious stones.
precious stones,
peso sottile ....
Carga
it
t(
it
((
<(
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
or Carica ; for oats.,.
for raisins.
mean.. .
for wine.
for oil, ,
for wine
tt
tt
tt
Cartca
Carlo 11a ; for salt. . .
Carr^ta ; for marble.
tt
Carre or Carse
Carrd
Carreau ; for stone.
Carro
tt
tt
JHpoliin Syria..
Tunis
Persia
Spain
Naples
Tripoli in Africa
Leghorn
France
London
• • »»
Madras
United States.
Bologna
Florence
Ragusa
Turin
Venice
Alicani
Milan,.
Aragon
Balearic Isles.
Malaga,
Valencia
Aragon
Barcelona,,, .
• •••»» •
Majorca
Minorca
Valencia
Barcelona
Candia
Venice
Santa Maura.
Carrara
• •••»>
Briar e
French W, Indies
Paris
Naples
• •••>»>
Turin.
weight.
•»>
dry capacity .. .
weight
liquid capacity,
weight
•»»•
•»»'
•»»"
•»»'
•»>'
•»»>
•>»•
• >»•
•»»"
dry capacity.. .
weight
•»»•
•»>'
'»»'
liquid capacity .
'»>■
'»»•
•»i>
•»>'
dry capacity . . .
'»'
weight.
•>»•
'»!'
solid
dry capacity . . .
superficial
solid
dry capacity .. .
liquid capacity
• >»■
480,69
109,1647
0,07464
3,09
0,19289
3,428571
119,78
3,18
3,17
3,2
3,2
3,2
2,91
3,03
3,19
3,30
3,20
2,70
282,57
4,66879
333,18
276,18
177,60
338,44
42,93686
31,84934
32,66244
28,67124
33,31817
46,69082
6,11818
4,32311
266,36424
104,13
2240.—
12,768
0,40524
3,1909
3,632
66,32579
257,75704
148,82202
pounds.
bushels,
grains,
gallons,
pounds.
grains.
((
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ft
pounds.
bushels.
pounds.
((
tt
tt
gallons.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
bushels.
pounds.
tt
cub. feet.
bushels.
acres.
cub. feet.
bushels.
gallons.
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot=17SS8 cubic inches.
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches. .
D
17
»«»..
I.OC...T,.
^/"'w
.upcrficW
<lryc.p«ily...
.,
„
„
dry capacity...
«
MixUrn
..
C 16 ■
Uquid capacity .
C lonte
Ptrpiena«
CartOna'e
Ciusa
Coati^llino ; for gold
South Amtrita...
■
..
- HmuMTi-ial
""Bl"
"^' for gold and rilvtr
^/gma
,,
for gold and lilBtr...
Malacea
Sumatra
„
.
Bergamo
f^g^
.,
„
FlortMl
1
„
1
..
Pad»a 1
,.
, 1
..
..
.:.::::::::::'::l
CWnoKe
■uporficial
Mod™. ::.-.. 1
Cjltmin
Jlifml
drycopacity...
9,9707 un
O^SGIM buibvk.
1,36101 "
0.369J5 "
D,1232 acres.
0,69026 biulie
0,65337
0,647M ■'
0,7ail90 '■
0,03010 galloD
0,3IS4
S,019I43
1,3a
t,352SS6
l,004T acres.
0,14657 buebels.
ic (boi= iras rgWo luetiit.
CELEMIN.
CEQUI.
VA^i.
LOt,l..T..
CBAI.ACT!..
*■««""
dry ospacity .. .
0,06336 biuhcb.
0,17765
0,13326
0,UW5
0,1-2933
0,ViS33
0,12004
0.0417 iirra.
0,1323
0.-2(136
363,168 cul..fa>t
0,011034 pounili.
ioa.94
0,0003 vriB.
0,15 BTHia..
74,86 pound*.
220,4737
O.O02(i4 gulloni.
n,(W0-28 bushel..
0,3937 inch™.
0,353 cub. feet.
0,24351 ^IIoDB.
136,11 puunds.
127,490960 "
119,07-2791
113,44
117,488400 ■■
110,33686
iin.ii
143,831680 '•
119.699328 ••
110.11
H2.4S21
136,08
113,44
123,4^710
133,30-2857 "
110,23685
72,189714
124,6860 arrcs.
72,189714 poundfl.
,
CattUU
.
tjf^mw^e;'™™™..!!
"™»*/-
J^'"
mpcrficU.
/Van«
Bfldm
"eight
, i_d,_
luperfirul
FWnuH
•wetieoa
liquid cspmcily
drycpacily....
•
R-P-a
SoAmia
liquid capdcily
.
• old«™ur«
"
'
"
"■perfici^l
r^
ui
Acni = 4S40«,u»rei.nl,. B
G(UI<in = a3l«ubi,.u«he..
.be[-Bl.W,«ciihi
Mile ^ iTeo rudi.
inrhei. CuMo ftw
<Mnd = 71100 gnlns
= 179a ruhic taf h«.
maUirmatical.
id^TOOOgniini. TMil = aain
Cboraer. . ■
Choptae . .
Chu..
Chunim
Ckra
Coccio
ochliirion
" tifROtara
Coimla; /or gold oi
Condarlae
Condyloa
Conei"
Conque ; far vAiat an
dnuggar . . .
Bmgal
Maautipatan ....
Ancierti Grttki . .
Ancient Hcbrtta,
Frtnch ly. Indiet
Ancient Grerki . .
MastUipatan.
Ceylon
dry capikcity . .
=igl«
dry capacity . .
liquid opacity
^ Onda.
AndCTit Romatu
Trmt
. dry capacity ..
. weight
. superficial
liquid capacity
l^gth
weight
liquid capacity
wei^t.
. drycapacUy.,
Icugih
liquid rapacity
liquid capacity
length....
liquid capacity
dry capicity..
liquid CBpDcity
0/)306a buthcli.
11,02300 ••
0,1 3335 galloiu.
0,0«369 •'
0,12302
0,12734
0,DUD76 buahcLi.
3,53 graina,
0,0779
juuda.
O,390e7 yards.
0;ll5 gniat.
0,0mi9 gnlloni.
0,00013 bu«hcli.
0,46368 yur^.
0,61824
ISft grains.
13,S33S6 galloDB.
13,38476 '■
177,!49S pounda.
0,5fi6£3 buabcla.
1, 71700 yards.
0,9460 acres.
(1,00594 gaiiottt.
0,00064 busht^ls
IT.Ue?! gallDoa
5,73.- grains.
1,6172 incbea.
0,SSS13 gallons.
: gallon
Cuoailcc ; far goU and li
CvpiDg
Copfllo
Ciip.il
Coppa ; for oil
Cor
Cunh; nininun
Cwba,
CorbQla
Cord ; /or mood.. .
Cordo ••
otui ilfantt; aid m
uAmft
Anriml Jtrtreiet, ■
Boisal
dr^cnpiuutj...
weight
Kquiil upacil;
. liquid op-iril;
dry capacity...
, liquid cipnrily
, drj capacity
t/niUJ Sla.
Antwerp , ^
Liigt
IjHioain. . .
Parit
Cottali. .
ColyU.,
D,0333l Kalians.
3.33 gnita.
S5,9(>6&9 gallons
0,0!64i
0,00-2H bualiela.
0,08163 •'
■uperflcial
. length
, dry capacity
. liquid capacity
. itinerary
, (uporficiol
liquid rapacity
dry capacity..
11,02300 "
1,13SS9 yardfl.
1,45556
20,76175 gsllona
laS. cub. tcct
las. — "
83,494 "
16,827 "
126,359
54,953 "
. 135,616 "
na,48i "
8.52614 yards.
0,0150 acres.
13,60133 yards.
1,9625 gallons.
0,17061 bushel
1,05^1 gallon
3.64M '■
rs 1^ 4MD :lqU»ie ynrdt.
COTADO.
cuAB-ro.
«*«B.
lOCillTT.
CHAa^CTCB.
yxt^M.
0.TM36 ytrdi,
0,71717
0,7 iwe •■
0,»SS9
0,48910 ••
0,S1I90
0,19061 "
Ofi
0.76
o,M90a "
0,S0H7
0,53ns
o.Moia "
9.5
M.33710 buibcli.
1*7,66560
63,13160
90,80960 "
90,S0!1C0
M,S196l
149,335S4
J. gmioB.
1,9130 inch«.
0,ai34I buahcle,
0,03374 gultonfl.
0,07701 bunbela.
1.06670 g:.lloi».
032978
0,04315 galloiu.
0,02955 buflhcla.
0,04456 "
0,0331 acre
0,015377 poundi.
0,76294 gullouB.
0.27211
0,0^559
0,77928
0,11290 bnabelj.
•'
1
1
1
11
„
1
„ """^
1
" ;
1
„
Coyu
Jmbejr-a
drjc»pacity...
„
« ■ ■
" «xun>>n
■ hi
Ungth
dry capacity...
liquid cmpncily
dryctparity,.,.
„
"
Spain; stntraBy
liquid capacily
.
■ ht
CuartUlo ; miniinum/w tnnf
Spain; SoragouD
liquid capacity
.,.„... Btnirarlo
drycapacily.,-.
'
■npcrflcial
ruarto
„
liquid capacity
„
„
MaAKrn
dry capacity....
An* = 4840 square j.rd.. B
CIloB-MlcaWi^inchfti.
Mi]e=lTMyFird>.
Intfea. Cnbic fm.
niiiid = TOM gmins
= lTaic«l.iciiichn.
Vsnl == X iiK^hei.
23
CUARTO.
DECAMETRE.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHAaACTSB.
YALUS.
Cuarto. . .
Cuba
Cube- foot c
Cube-jard
«
Cubit
" royal Persian ,
great
paehye metriot.
€€
€€
«
«
" for matUng.
Cubitus
CuccLiaro
Cucrda
Cugnatella ; for oil . .
Cuiller ; (dd mauure.
Culah
Cul^us
Cuttra
Cwierzec
t€
it
" «tnc«1819,
Cyathofl
(C
Cy&thus
«
Czeber.
Tortosa
Abyteinia
JEngland
United Statee, . . .
England
UniUd States
Ane. Babylonians
Dactylos
Dain
Dam
Dan^ ; for gold and silver. , .
Danik
Danr^e
Decagramme
Decalitre
•>»'
Ane, Egyptians.
• >»«
Batavia
Mastdipatan
Sural
Ancient Rome,,. .
Turin
Spain
Valencia
Rome
Brussels ; . .
Sumatra
Ancient Romans .
Bassora
Cracow
'»»•
Warsaw
•»» '
Ancient Greeks . ,
'»»■
Ancient Romans.
»>
Hungary
Ancient Gredis . ,
Rangoon
An-nam
Persia
Arabia
Chalons s. Manu.
France
((
Decametre.
dry capacity . . .
liquid capacity
solid
•>»<
'»»'
'$»'
length
■»>
'i»'
•>t'
>»»•
•»><
>»>'
•>»'
dry capacity,
length
'»»"
liquid capacity
dry capacity . . .
• >»<
liquid capacity
weight
dry capacity. . .
length
dry capacity. . .
length
liquid capacity
dry capacity.. .
liquid capacity
dry capacity.. .
liquid capacity
length. . .
itinerary.
'»!<
weight.
'»>•
'»»•
'»f
>»»'
superficial
weight
liquid capacity
dry capacity . .
length
2,62016
0,26840
1
1
27.
27.
0,67888
0,60672
0,67888
0,60672
0,76
0,63126
0,68066
0,48633
0,00340
7,66074
39,67667
2,16930
0,27671
0,06187
136,820
136,5
0,86206
6,0728
0,90810
6,6696
0,01188
0,00128
0,01188
0,00128
22,01923
0,7686
2,4306
0,6623
11,96
7,86
0,1448
0,022047
2,64178
0,28378
10,93633
busheli.
gallons,
cub. feet
«
<«
<c
yards.
tt
t€
€€
t€
€t
f€
((
bushels,
yards.
((
gallons,
bushels.
«
gallons.
pounds.
bushels.
inches.
bushels.
inches.
gallons.
bushels.
gallons.
bushels.
gallons.
inches.
miles.
«
grains.
«
acres.
pounds.
gallons.
bushels.
yards.
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 3150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot =1738 cubic InchM.
Gallon = 231 cubic incbes. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
24
DECAPODON.
DERECH-yOM
S^MJ..
..OCAUTT.
'"
D«.
AawBlGrn*..
itinerary
0,0019
0,1471
353. 16G
3,23565
0,0026
2,7015
1,64
0,02643
0,00234
3,9331
0.0733
7,47 B6
3,632
7,31837
0,7aiB
0,6^9
0,17736
0,110237
13,20890
0,13209
0,01419
1,13744
63,14206
47,23766
0,06151
12,33
60,16
62,64
18,19
0,0960
13,43
19,W
13,90
17,49
18,17
19,77
23,61
19,67
16,43
I8.in
16,9540
mites.
cub.fM;t
grainB.
bushel.,
incha.
pound,.
cub.fcet
pouudB.
iuclice.
buahcls.
pouDda.
FBllo-u.
budiclB.
glUlolUi.
graiuB.
IncbcB.
graiua.
roilai.
Andatt Rom...
w'iffbt
liquid rapacity
dry capacity...
gui
Fnact
ATtaeni Bona.. .
f^f^-i
w"?"
'^
Demi-boliaoau; 1813-1340...
Dcmi-heeUigrainino
drycspBcity...
™e"
liquid cnpocity
dry capacity...
DBmi-minot; aid m.far cod
Brire^y
liquid capacity
weight
AntMMRommM
FUwtm
"
" fntJrinil,- tuiHlSOa..
«■%"
FTana,A.D.90a
"
l«>gth
itinerary
Dcrech-ySm j •toy'* joimts
A«^al Htbreu),
A(rc = 4W0«,iurep.rd.. Bu
>hel ^^l.'iO.iQ cubic
iBDlin. Cubic fho
= 17M cubic
r.r
DESATINE.
DRA MESROUR.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALUE.
Desatine
DeOnx
Deuskon
DextauB
Dhan ; for gold and iilver.
Dhurra ; minimum
** maximum
*' mean qf 16
Diatllos
Dichalcofl
Dichas
Didrachmon
«
((
((
Diemt . . . .
Dieihaufe.
Digitus . . .
Dildchos . .
Dimcrle . .
Dinero. . . .
Dinheiro. .
Diobolon
DiOta
Dirhem. . .
«
«
«
Dito; nnce 1803
Dodrans
Doigt ; not used
Doit; "
DoU
Dollchos; Ddpkic
Olympic
Pkiletairie or Syrian
Dong
Doppelm&ss
Doron
Double-boisscau
Double-Bt($re
Dra mesrour
((
«
S. Peter dturg ... .
Ancient Roman*.
Amsterdam
Ancient Romans.
CaJLcuUa
Uindostan
•»»'
•»'
Ancient Greeks.
<>»'
'»>'
Ancient (Egina. .
Ancient Attica. . .
Babylon,.. ......
EubcMi
Emden
Number g
Ancient Romans .
Ancient Greeks. .
Bucharest
Spain
Portaged
Ancient Greeks . .
•»'
Abyssinia
Constantinople. . .
Shiraz
Tauris
Italy
Ancient Romaru,
France
EHglapd
Rwtsia
Ancient Greeks . .
'»>•
,,....•...
An-ruim
Solothum
Ancient Greeks .
France.
>>'
Aleppo,
superficial
weigiit. . . .
•>>
'»>•
'»>"
•»'
itinerary,
weig'ht . .
length. . .
weig'ht. .
•»>"
'»»'
•»»'
superficial . . . .
dry capacity..
length
itinerary
dry capacity...
weight ,
•*>'
• »'
liquid capacity
weig'ht
'»>'
'»»>
<i>'
leng'th.
wei^t.
length .
weight.
• >»•
itinerary.
'»»
•>»
weight
dry capacity . ,
length
dry capacity..
solid
length
2,7015
0,661739
1,48
0,601581
0,56
6,171
19,714
10,047190
0,2299
2,81
6,0686
0,032066
0,019252
0,032086
0,026738
1,4014
0,28213
0,7530
1,3792
0,69S10
0,002W6
0,002635
22,46
6,13075
40,13
49,50
23,62
11,81
0,3937
0,541423
0,3937
0,002
0,09
1,1049
1,3792
1,5781
60,27
0,75174
3,0343
0,70945
70,633
0,60686
acres.
pounds.
gTains.
pounds.
grains.
pounds.
((
«
miles,
grains,
inches,
pounds.
«
«
t<
acres.
bushels.
inches.
miles.
bushels.
pounds.
<(
grama.
gallons.
grains.
«
€t
«(
inches.
pounds.
inches.
grains.
«
miles.
(t
«
grains.
bushels.
inches.
bushels.
cub. feet.
yards.
-.
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot = 1738 cubic inches.
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
26
DEA STAMBOIJLl.
DRAKHE.
»^«E.
LOCAMTr. 1 CHA.ACTEM. j VALD<. |
Englond
0,708 ynrd..
60.— graiiu.
60—
112,30 "
67,38
113,30
93,58 "
53,64
66.31
66,40 "
67,47
63,71
5I,M
48,60 "
56.1S "
66,29 ■'
60,93
66.41
57,53
69—
58.40 •■
69,03
4S.62 '.
47,as
66,36
68,45 "
46,36 ■•
6IJ17
67,63
49,21
48—
46,73
CT,69
66,36 "
B6,3S
46,34
66,67
69,32 "
69,49
48,90
6o,ao
Drachm ;-ttpoIi«B7TM'
„
„
„
^«M«( Romon. .
..
„
*"
" atothecarit '
„
„
„
„
Omtuws; jm'rj,
„
" ■'
„
.,
„
„
l^P^
.,
„
„
„
„
„
Tripoti in Africa
TripoliinSsna.
„
..
„
„
MaAid
Aorfl = 18in«,u««jHrd.. Bu.
£a]tnn = 331 cubic Int'bo.
DRAM.
EIMER,
SA«B. j LOCAL. TT.
CH*.*CT«.
V*L=«.
JSnfffoiirf
gb
27,34 grains.
64,5S
49,40
448,57410 gallons.
0,22163 bushels.
0,03287
0,29433
11,37674
13,36036
13,24303
14,92US
17,83368
18,71529
53,36 graina.
0,020053 pounds.
0.3937 inch™.
2,69833 yards.
7,10612 "
1,443794 poundi.
0,0I96S bushels.
7,479 cub. feet.
0,047119 pounds.
9,51410 galloQs.
11,06758
7,66059
19,90336
16,94433
18.07505
24,90983
19,14538
16,14128
14,67244 "
18.14902
20,83043
18,14902
17,81352
18,73316
19,45671 "
23,20343
19,22413
Dnumoa
„
Uquia opacity
dry capacity . . .
„ ^
it?im«A/>mtna.
DrOmt; /or toAMJ oml rye . . -
"
" /orwhrat,ilt
««toci
StilHn
Germany
ArKitnt BoBuai,.
weight
Duira; NethtrUmdif:
length
Dofln-
."
IVMimberg
■ ht
dry capacity...
.,
Effgibn
weight
liquid capacity
. ^^
jilbHUI
„
" old
Brttlau
"
Erf
ACTe = 4640«|m«j«.U. fiu«hpl = ai50,4a <'ubi5 in.-he^ CuWc (hol^lTM cubic ineh«h
(Mlon = il31<;ubi<^inchM. Mile = 1760 jardn. Pound = TOW p^.m. Yud = M Ji,cli«.
EIMER,
ELLE.
«A»S.
LOCALirr.
CBA»ACT...
T,ir..
ff™t"ff
liquid upuitj
7,6-2946 gallon..
16,4345!)
15,02935 "
19,36847 "
10,69921 "
aO,03(M3 "
7,91472 "
7,65483 "
13,074
i8,aa3M
19,36234 "
16,95161 ■■
13,20li90 ■'
7.65059 ■■
1I,0M75 ■<
ii.iiaso "
14,95247 ■■
19,36130
77,64944 "
81,04634 "
70,59M0 "
8,34114 biuheli.
ae,92749 gallon*.
30,S6599 "
0,75-219 yards.
0,75911
0.77714 "
0.75739 "
0,75739 "
0.79941 "
0,76117 "
0.7473.S "
0,75888 "
0.79596 ■'
1,09363 "
0,74753 "
0,75192 "
1,25
1,85
1.03333 "
0,64948 '■
0,73135 '■
..
"
„
„
„
„
"
..
,.
"
„
" hiU tiiJi-niaa,(nfintd)
■■ Jorlimtandchareoal..
drj capacity
liquid capacity
le-irth
BtTgen-op- Zoom .
DordrHJit
„
annunim
<<
„
Am=4&lft8nuur8Tstdi. B
Gallon =33Uubioini:l.«.
>hcl = Bl5ft,«cubi
ound- 7000 grains
Ysnl = 36 inche..
29
_
i; ry" Hamlmrg..
(ff BraboHl.. . .
for tilt
/orKntH
for iMMJIltu . .
hgal
kgat...
old mtaiurt . .
Ugai
Anhall CmUun . .
AiUaerp
AppmxtU ..
Augtlnrg...
RluiHtli Baoaria. . .
CoWnKJT...
Coturg
Coiogm
CoarUmd.. .
DanUde —
0,756M "
0,69544
0,74848 "
0,76931 "
0.67JT6 "
0,64780 "
0,66657 "
0,B5S16
0,S74S8 "
0,6M17 "
1,23372 "
0.91 100
1,31336 ••
0,60197 "
0,91331 "
0,72553 "
0,72934 "
0.7302J "
0,69330 "
0,64963 •'
0,7fiOT3 "
0,M38a "
0,72934 ■'
0.729M
O,627S0
0,61951
0,G45S6
0,74936
0,59856
0,76167
0,72556
£XjIjE*
r
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
ELLE.
VALUE.
EUe
«
<( .,,..
" for nlka, etc
for toooUens andprinU
€t
€t
«
«
«
«
«
<(
(C
((
C(
C(
(C
it
€t
" oldmeature.
** . .
«c
« ^^^^
(( ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^
'* .
'* qf Bohemia.
** itf Moravia.
tt
t€
" cM measure,
tt
tt
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
" oLdmeoMwe,
" for Unene. . .
** for tDOollens.
Goiha. . . .
Guddree .
HaUe
Hamburg .
• •••»>•••••
Hanover
Hesee Casael
Hette Darmeiadt
HoUtein
Hungary
length.
'$»■
Kdnigtberg. .
Leipsic
Lippe
L&bee
Lucerne
Mannheim, . .
Mecklenburg.
Moravia ... .
Munich
Munster
Neufchatel..,
Numberg....
Oldenburg. . ,
OenabriUk. . ,
Pomerania . ,
Prague
>»•
Preaburg.
Ragusa,,
Ratitbon .
Rostock.,
S, GaU. .
'»»'
Schaffhausen
Schweitz
Silesia; Auairian
. ..,,... Prussian
Soloikurn
Strasburg
Thurgau
•if
•fi •
'»>•
'»> •
•»>■
'»'
'»>"
'»>"
•>»•
'>»•
'»»"
•>>•
>>»•
•>»'
0,62910 yarda.
0,72561 "
0,62467
0,62663
0,75615
0,63867
0,62318
0,59898
0,62663
0,85216
0,87458
0,62862
0,61824
0,63324
0,62972
0,68648
0,61036
0,62664
0,86474
0,91100
0,88419
0,60758
0,71786
0,63206
0,69817
0,71176
0,64962
0,86474
0,61036
0,56125
0,88704
0,63254
0,66854
0,80426
0,65126
0,65617
0,63254
0,62983
0,59581
0,53864
0,87677
0,67375
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
•I
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
GEllon = 331 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains.
31
= 1728 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 inches.
Engcl ; for goJii, t
Epha
EecELndal . .
EecrLi|iulo ; /or gnu .
" for pTfcioui
EacrQpulo; apoOtftan
Eataddlc; riiucISUl..
litontpeltier. . ,
t'uiuf ,
Eslido
.■■.:::;::;;■.:;::::
Eslsrlii
;/wgold,.(<:.joMm.
/o,ff»!d,rte.;oUm.
Ae« =
<84(l »qiiim| jiinli. Hu
, liquid capacity
. drj cspacit/ . .
. liquid capacity
, dry CApucit; . ■ .
tirerp..
Bacharat ,.....,
CotvtlantinapU. . .
Amnterdam
jtnciml Jiibreat,
Coptnhasen
Maritilla
Oporlo
i>irrliigal
liquid capacity
Uquid capacity
HoOand
JVeltttrlandi...
auperScial,>,
itinerary
Ancient HArite* .
= nso yuit. rouuil = 70Mgrt
0,03831 >
4,91071 ^bUoiib.
0,43333 biuliclfi.
B.BOSga galloni.
0,73433 yardi.
0,75167 "
4,32684 galloiu.
18,4S
9,fi3 '■
1S,5I
3,7094* yai-Jfl.
3,40033 "
0,WK14 acrci.
0,1594 miles.
1^6472 yorda.
33,61 graioa.
15,43
33,74 "
0,5-J yards.
0,01992
FADES.
PAKOA.
«AH.t.
loc:al,tt.
"—
YALUl.
1. 85756 yirds.
61.599 cub.f«L
7>J,6]1
a35,KI3
eO,U38
69,799
74,913
83,690
130.346
150,499
6,3 yards.
1,91289 ..
99,790 cuii.fLtt.
U,I9I8 iiH'bt'a.
0,a55S
0,1313 "
0,14-6
6,84 grain,.
0,64O21 bushcla.
2,073M "
3.74W8 '■
1.77679 "
a,6
1,69914 "
1,6
3,06350 "
3,11023 "
1,60080 '■
1,60307 '■
3,.S679>2 "
1,23317 '■
3,67530 "
0,5 ac™.
l,l9fS
0,9361
1,5S71
0,1710
1,35959 bushels.
1,87465 "
1,53463
21,1667
1,91737 "
„
" nl
uvortaaw
di
nam
„
„
„
'■ oid <
■■ 1> nl
F U ^
Scotfund
..fa-fiam.
„
Faaam; B»ldoi«IHfew,m«T.
E.I«ditt
weiirht
drycapKily...
..^
„
QaliOt
" tbaek for whtat
I '==:.
„
K^T..nnC.<.
Gautryl^ndt..
pam
iupwficiJ
..
.,
"
" mat.UgattinalSm
Fan
Axora
dryopacity...
" fercod 0....
OfvJrto
"
Qslkm^ ^1 mine jiuhca.
8h«l = 31S(l/a<:uhU;
MIL* = 1760 yiuili.
inch«. Ci*lc ftK.
Y»nl = MiuolHiB.
.
33
PA NO A.
PEBLINO.
.QOAMTT.
CHA^ACTM,. 1 VALD*. |
J,
Hu. A«i™
drycapacily....
liquid capBcitj
60,49675 galloiu.
176,60036 "
64,55981 "
11)6,70449
60,49940 "
89,04394 '■
103,88535
1M,9S048 "
63,86995 "
38.25561
165,05940 "
100.17366 "
96.40524 "
57,38211 "
38.25661
60,49«75 "
67.80604 ■'
66.36765 "
38,75238 "
153,26387 "
31,77369 '■
0,70117 biMheta.
1,05176 ■■
1,49691 ••
0,50918 "
1.4W0e "
0,26343 "
0,27583 "
0,30T74 "
7,61155 "
9,66186 "
a, yarda.
0,7518 Bcraa.
1,3353
2,06933 yards.
1,465!
5,93 grains.
6.90
29,11
25.68
„
'• farbter
"
PMC
" f t«r *
„ -^
'• f bar
•• f Ihir
"
.. f ■ "
" /orfieir
■■ f Mh«r rt-
Jii-Ia-Cj^julb..
dry capacity...
" / ootn^ 6ari«y
Mrwy
„
Liiee
'
E^l^
lentrth
„
FBiicheur
^PB'Boial
gth
Felm;<rfrfmau»r«; jn«(ry.
Acre=-184n,i|ua«y„rds. Biulifl -3iafl,4a cuhlc tacSM. Cubic fool - ITSH «ulrie incJio..
Gallon ^^SaiciiliicLiichei. Mile = llM yanb. PquM - 7«W grain.. Yard = 36 uicha.
FEHRADO.
FROHNGEWICHT.
LOCAl.tV.
0«*.ACTB1.. [ VAIVI.
dry capacity...
liquid cflpacily
0,53305 busliflB.
29Ji7853 galluDs.
35,18446 ■■
o,6oaii
0,BB1ST ■'
9.76624
10,98703 ■'
66.
1,49064 buah«U.
1,02181 ■•
0,98690
8.29303 gnllom..
8,28990 ■'
0,5 I9M biuhela.
0,3432S y,.rda.
3184 pounds,
2362.
3464.
0,1183S gTlloDS.
0.0S651 ■'
0,39217 ■'
0,41683 "
0,12041 "
O.ianfiS "
0,4IWO ■■
12 inch*B.
3,77140 bushels.
6,824
0,0964 acres.
0,1112
0,0834
11.6S73 inche«.
0,56360 galbiu.
80,390625 pounds.
14,273433 ■'
18.300780 ■'
30. ■'
1,082621 ■'
BordMBUx
■'
farbiiOer
Goihrn; N.Y...
"'iebt
drycapaclt,...
Uquia capacity
diy capacity...
Dtnmmk.
».^<™l
f
..
SloekUm'at-lia
liquid oapacily
BoJo™.
"
Cnwo
" /ortoin.
Ron*
" foroa
Fcxit
E«^^
1 iKh'
dry capacity. . .
F<«Oro*;m«™
H.Alpt,;Frawi.
"POfBcial
FoBBfiyae.
Fut
Smda
liquid capacity
weight
Btt-a-faki
0.]i™=.a31,at,u:inche».
inrhM. CuImb fiiin=17lSculpicinrjlwii.
ound^TOMgmlBt. Y=rf =38 inches.
u
-1
Funen.
rUSLONO.
>>>..
LOi-ALITt.
C»».ACT... 1 VALU«.
A<it.b«g
liijuiJ capu-iif
238,71600 gmllooa.
229,61775
196,36700
317,78834
229,77906
217,12108
341,19461
337,33761
317,78834
313,69368
321,34634
330,70664
224,70981
339,77906
346,50449
361,52388
263,61088
240,46116
339,61776
3IB.92430
332,34813
341,93706
239.51776
882,78503
368,80384
696,77733
776,11447
478.47900
465.90373
179,63274 boabuts
68.66679
O.OaJM
0,994929 pounds.
0,«94929 "
0,894089 ■'
O.B202M "
0.901691 ■■
0.7SS974 ■'
0,1250 railca.
0,1500
:: :::::::;::::::::::::::
bJL:.:.'z.
,,
"
"
■
"
„
" farduBCoal
"""^S
drycspacitj...
PuflermttMel
F
waigUt
■' D\dmta«at
"
England
itincrm?
" crfrimMwre
Arro = (fud «,m.Q j«n(.. Bu
hcJ =9120,49 cuIjIc iniThfli. (.'uhic flxit^.- 17« cubic inchrn.
ll« = ItSO yaiit. Poand = iuW grains. V»nl = 36 inchan.
36
Fl'RLONG.
pnss.
SAME.
LOCALITY. CH*RACT.«. 1 y*LU.. |
Fiu-loQff; aldmcamitc
idDerary
0,1409 milea.
0,1250
0.32072 yards.
0,31573
0.30S33 ■'
0,31331 ■•
0,31233 "
0.34334 "
0,344 Ifi "
0,32390 "
0,33809 " .
0,33214
0,33306 "
0.319)9
0,3&156 •■
0,31334 "
0.41189
0.32073 ■•
0,34744 "
0.328(9 ■•
0,33414 "
0,34571
0,31628 "
0,31'208 "
0,36464 "
0,33319 "
0,317a3
0,31455 "
0,34324 ■'
0,31375
0,30973 "
0,31 !36 ■'
0,3S!)17
0,32072 ■•
0,32311
0,3ia24
0,31455 ■'
0,31332 "
0,34324 "
0,31934 "
0,30550 "
0,31455 "
cngt
„ ^„,^„,
„ „„„-—,.
„
„
"
■■
" iwwBor-
„
„
" OUIBTS
fioian'
CoWffltJ:
" Rhi fool
" oMmwiuTB
„
"
„
iV
or.'
„ ™™^
.,
„
CoUinem
..
„
g^^,^^
" (rirfrnwiurt
Aiiie^4S40 KHHreiHRU, B
£>LlU>n=Q31cuhtcinQhes.
ishel = Sl.^,4ariibii: inchei. Cubic (bol = 17Ha euMc Incha. J
Mile^lMOyurd.. Pound = 7000 paiiu. yud = 3Sin<The>.
. . Nolltin
, . /fttn^ory. ... . .
■ f-VP' ■
, . jVIanTiAnn
. . Mtcklmbarg, , ,
. Muniol ,
.. Nn^rMltl
- Number g
. . Oidettbarg
. OtnoiritcJt
. Rofloek
. Sehweiix
■ Tfturgou
■ . IVml
.. Vavd
. IVaa
. fVerliinberg, .
. Zurie*
buitdtrt'itinci 18S0. . .
«! 1 /or rye, rte
" for oali and barley.
'wiUon; imprrial
'arutine; Siuon....
'or toine; }tun\ford,
U-iMheitrr
1825 G
England;... 1000
far all and brer; ISOS .
dry capacity...
liquid capacitj
0,323CT
0,3l9i9
0,3-imi
0,31-103
0,33224
0,33353
0,MS71
0,30833
0,«342
0,25706
0,3133a
0,3iSll
0,32960
OiU Ian ^-£1 cubic i
flum/orrf...
GuUdJntt..
E. and fV. India . .
UnUedSiaU
England...
GcjerlSa.
Giuab
Gitv£dB
Geeetrulhe...
GeJ™
Garle
Gerrsh , . .
Gesoheid...
Pondidiay..
Lvblin
Rio Janeiro , ,
Vaud
.JticitrU Hibmo).
Myiori
iVeit/cAfibl
Minorea
Frankfort
Hail
uufoA. .
, liquid capacity
. dry capacity...
, liquid capacity
, dry capacity . .
, liquid capacity
, dry capacity .. .
liquid capacity
Icnglb
liquid capacity
dry capacity .
liquid capacity
dry capacity..
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
0.135e6 busbcls.
0,12500
0,73793
1,01533 ^lon
0,10906 busbel
0,99145 gallotia.
0,10763 buahela.
0,05179
1,05671 galloDB
0.99568 "
0,tl3Gl biuhcls.
0,10763
0,18337 gallana.
0,T156D gallona.
ofnesn busbeb.
3,56640 gaUoQ
a,3S75 iacbea.
!6,l5g7G gallons.
A«e = 4B40 ^qU&ie yank.
, Mila = J760j«itt. Pgunil = JWO gniidi. Yaiti = 96 indiis
GESCHEID.
GRANO.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTEB.
VALUE.
Gescheid.
Gez
Gheria. . .
Ghefl
Gill; imperial,.,.
« oUtmeanare
tt
<(
Giornata
Goelak
« .,.....,.
Gombetta
Gonje ; for gold and tilver . . .
Gonze " "
GoondCminy "
Gradus
Grain ; gold and silver; JVoy
apothecaries'
aooirdupois
for diamonds
for pearls
poids demare
tmUllSiO
for precious stones. .
qf Charlemagne. . . .
Mentz ^ Natsau >
Mocha
Calcutta
'»>'
Great Britain . . .
'»<
Ireland
Scotland
UniUd States. . . .
Tunn
Java
Sumatra
Genoa
Aurengabad
Bombay
Mysore
Ancient Romans.
Great Britain . . .
«
t€
((
<«
(i
«<
((
<«
C<
t€
Gramme
Gran; apothecaries*.
t€
t€
tt
C»
tt
t*
tt
tt
since 1811
fl^. o. m. qf Numberg
apothecaries*.
tt
ap. 0. m. cf NOmberg.
Granikow
Grano ; new Itaiian.
'»>'
'»>'
>»'
'»'.
dry capacity . .
Icog'th
'»»•
liquid capacity
superficial
weight. . . .
•>»"
dry capacity...
weight
'»»'
»>»•
length .
weight.
France.
• »»•
• ••*>••••••
Geneva ...
Lihge
Marseilles.
Neufch&tel
Vaud
France.. ..
Austria . . .
Bavaria. . .
Denmark,
Prtissia
Saxony
Poland
Italy. . .
• »»•
'tt*
'»*<
»»»>
•»»«
•»>"
'if
•»»•
•>*•
•>»"
0,04852
0,69444
2,2147
1.
0,03752
0,03125
0,02694
0,02798
0,03125
0,9393
2,033888
1,694906
0,03568
1,96
1,79
1,96
0,80889
1.
1.
1.
0,79
0,80
0,82
0,84
0,79
0,98
0,82
0,76
0,68
0,82
034
15,43
1,13
0,96
0,96
0,11
0,96
0,94
0,96
0,94
0,12
1,54
bushels.
yards.
inches.
yards.
gallons.
tt
tt
t€
tt
acres.
pounds.
tt
bushels,
grains.
cc
«
yards,
grains.
<c
cc
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
It
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel =^2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains.
__
a= 1728 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 inches.
GRANO.
HALB)5.
17AME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER
VALUE.
Grano
" /<w gold
Granottino
Granow
Grao
iSjpain.
• »»'
«
((
«
barley-corn; (imaginary)
Grave ; disused
Gravet
Grein . .
Gressus
Gros. . .
«
Grosso ; metrical; since 1803.
Ground
Gujah
Gueza
tt
" monkelser at royal.
** ordinary
Guz.
«
" minimum ..
" maximvim, .
" mean of 67.
Hadid ; for muslins. . .
Heeredium
Hafer-metze ; for oats.
Hafer-scbeflfel
Hafer-simraer.
Hailoh.. ......
Haken
C(
f€
tt
tt
ti
Piednumt.
Poland. . .
Brazil . . .
Portugal .
■>>"
France
Holland
Ancient Romans.
France
Lausanne
Neufch&tel ......
Vaud
Venet. Lombardy.
Madras
Mysore
Gambroon
Ispahan
Persia
'»»'
Bagdad
Bassora
Bet-el-faki
Buskire
E. Indies; Gujerat
. Patna.
•>»'
•>f
Halbe ; since ISOS
Baxsora
Ancient Romans
Niimberg
Lippe
Numberg
Sumatra
Berlin
Dantzic
Konigsberg
Poland
Pomerania
Hungary
weight.
•if
'>>•
'»»•
length,
weight.
•>»'
•»»'
length,
weight.
•>»"
•if
superficial
length
'»»'
'»>"
'»><
'ft'
'»><
>»><
>>»■
'»>•
• »>•
• >»'
'ft'
length
superficial
dry capacity . .
'»'
• if
length ....
superficial.
'ti'
if
if
' a
liquid capacity
0,77
0,74
0,03
0,68
0,77
0,77
0,1804
2,204737
15,43
1,64
0,80889
59,02
60,29
62,71
60,29
0,022047
0,0551
1,06944
1,07528
1,03853
1,03398
0,68932
0,87963
0,87963
0,69444
0,55556
0,64815
1,18056
0,91447
0,95
2,4917
0,52176
1,46397
16,69639
1.
2,8030
27,4439
31,5698
27,6576
24,2S3l
0,22019
grains.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
inches.
pounds.
grains.
tt
yards,
grains.
tt
tt
tt
pounds.
acres.
yards.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
■ tt
tt
tt
tt
yards.
acres.
bushels.
tt
tt
yards.
acres.
(«
tt
ti
tt
gallons.
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2l.'>0,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot= 1728 cubic inches.
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
41
»ENKGMANN.
. . MfllflKO . . .
, . B^KluB'tlt , ,
, Andml Grttkt .
. CaUvUa..
Boo
Httrdttry
sClai/oriJtt.,.
IlBrtkoni-achcffel. .
HaBto
Ilalli
, Myinrt
. Sitigap/m. . . . ^
. Daab
, . Bombay- .
, M^nrt
. LOle
. Antient Ontki,
Heller; Cologntvttight...
- Ancient Grwkt-
. Wartemberg
lirj tapaeily ..
It-'ngUl
"eighl
Iry capacity..
velghl
ilinertiry
"d^t
dry capacily ..
'"'Ktl'
dry cBpaclty ..
BuporBcial .. , .
dry c*p*cily..
liquid capacity
dry capacily... .
superficial
liquid cnpnclly
.1 weight
. AneieM Ortekt.
.. OldaAarg
. dry capncity... .
liquid opacity
dry capacity..
weight
length
liquid capacity
drycBpieily ..
0,03365
0776
0,79933
bufllu-'U.
pouudB.
I buabela.
I buahelB,
: bushela.
gsUoM.
: bnihcli.
: bushels.
gnllcna.
; bueheU.
; gallons.
le^lTBOynrds. round ^ IIMO gnitin.
HEXAPOnoN.
nUNDRED
WEIGHT.
«A«E. 1 LOOAL.tr. 1 dM^fl*CTK«.
VAtCB.
HoiapOdon; Otgmpic
Jncimi Gr«iti..
a«k«I
2.0-22ST ynrdn.
100. arrcB.
0,T4S33 bushels.
o,88^^6
0.7 «03
0^8427
1,14037
a.«6S4
1,71025 ffalloM.
0,4697 milaj.
4,73S06 busiicls.
27,07831
37,09119
31,65917
66.22601
34.734353 pounds.
63. gallon..
69,59744
65,92213
67,29745
laOO.— ^ pounds.
1300,
1200.
1.0SSCT boBhcra.
660.470 cuh.fcct.
0,006 ffroini,
0,44656 biKihcla.
2.- graina.
314.1843 acres.
4S,56B9
34.2.329
IS.919S
41,4740
0,5161
100. pounda.
no.
■uperficial
drycapacily...
'
Brun^
^, ■
old
Hi
Aiuiml Htbrnot
AoHtnl Grak, . .
liquid capacity
itinerary
dry capacity...
Hoeschfu ; farhiUtr
,....Ofirn>m
fil™m
fkigland
liquid capacity
Mmatun
/wtofcOKO.MB. .
Kmbickyi oum..
OAio ....
Vireinia.. ......
dry opacity....
HolzBtoBSi /or /irraooif
^..„
HotWau ; mean q/" 3
HubU; /or diam. and parU.
HaiwniU
drycapocity...
miperficial
.. '*°^::;:::::::.";:'.::::
Siiaia
Hundred weight; tuU
.' /»-«8aran<Ii«»
ja^fond; 1300..
■
S
"
A<™ =«« «]oiira jsrd*. Bii»hEl = aiSll,« rnbic inchM. Cubic Iboi = 1796 cubic inrtiM.
GsUan-=^1 cubic inrheh Mile= ItW ronb. Paflnd ^ 7000 gntna. Vud = 30 inchoa.
DirMDItED wBionx.
.1 wi'i^hl ; /gr Hvn . . Enflamd : I
liquid «p«ity
dryc.p«Uy...
'">■
, '
ZL
ArjafKilj....
""'
ZZ. :::::.
Arj «p»c>ly . .
I™,„cl
Hnddbrrg
..
Bm«
fWtaTK.
dryc«p.city...
..
„
^_
Sdueriltaai Vn
"
iVUUmbas
liqtiid opacity
„ ^abriehnatt
.
drycapttily....
toh;::::::::::::::::::::
&i«Ia«i
length
I .11
I"P«'i'»
Km.™.,
liquid capacity
, ,
bqoid capacity
drycupoeily...
,,
Mamihdm
dry capacity.,..
dry cap&city
,.
RUjemml
0,33019 gsllooB.
0,0-2363 bwbcls.
3,3ieU yuds.
0,64316 buahela.
0,03679 ■'
0,0613 mm
0,0»S78 btwheU.
0,09S51 '
0,09»10 '
O.OISWt pounda.
0,01777 biufaek.
0,0 IH6
I bushels.
9,49674
a,40749
0,14363
0,01631
S,07S45
0,0^51
gallons.
biubcja.
. MllB = 1V60 plrrfa. Pound =
JALLOIS.
JUGEHU
NA«B. 1 LOCAtir*.
CHA«*.;r«„.
VAL
«..
1,513S
0,7430
0.i5
0,3461
0,3467
0,8416
1,1116
0,8SS9
0,1115
a9,S4313
1.4223
0,0956
1,4625
0.4877
1,0430
0,7133
0,8S07
1,2016
0,5051
1,2535
a,6241
0,9013
1,2522
0,8250
03139
0,8503
0,7440
0,9666
1,0621
0,S994
0.6239
0,8497
0.1960
I.16S3
0,8080
0,71S3
0.897S
1,3354
1,1196
0,6229
inches,
gallons.
■ '
Sumatra
J b
Jauchict ; old mtaiure
tepal fin™ 1809...
A^igiburg.
Bopcrficia!
..
Jugrturg
Auttria
liquid cnpiicity
Itinerary
superficial
JochorJocharl; Itgai
Aix in Protwuee..
„
Borrf
.,
„
..
„
J
CWJ™ 1. Mb™
bZ.:::'":'
'■ Win
Jdom
•• MModiajid
„
<. -™f-
" moll
,.
..
.. ^
" liB
- ^ d
....;;
niAnAi
'
^
Ancii-itt Romant.
Acre— «40«]Uiira)TiriL!. Bmhe1-^ai5n,«ruhi
OMIOB =1181 cubic inrhe*, Mili.= IMOywds.
inches. Cubic rVB
Pound = 7000 graina
= i;^t.il.icinph«t
Vanl = aaiuchM.
45
JUMBA.
KANNE.
K*«..
LOC^L.TT.
4. yardt.
0,02157 gallon..
1,62160 buibcls.
0.06124 bushele.
37,40180
0,0019 miles.
0.80713 bu«helg.
2a,3560S3 pounds.
1,333333 "
0,26418 galloiu.
0,32789
0,51040
236795 yards.
0,69083 gallons.
0,07423 buBbelB.
0,38162 gallmu.
0,29932
0,47816 "
0,39394 «
0.31411
0.47420
0,24741
0,46060
0,47816 •■
0,51800 "
0,31808
0.37092
0,36356 "
0.49467
0,47943
0,38808
0,36166
0.4348S
0,49427
0,18703
0,26895 "
0,94199
0,03168 busbcls.
0,03884
0,O295S
24,734352 pounda.
liquid cxpuitj
dry(«pu:Uy...
drjcapscitj
JOU •JJ
Jr<rimi UArtv.
K limos
AntitM Oredu..
ilm«r«ry
dry capacity
"%"
Killtvnlj/orinM,- irirf«™
nWl™d;B«KroUs
liquid uapacity
,,
&n<i
DBi»iurt,W£™(<j
^«omI Hrtrnet
IT h
Kann.
liquid capncily
dry capacity...
liquid cupacit;
„
Ij,
Jil-Ja-Cioptfl*..
,
floto™
"
„y^
for fctr
"
■ ' nuiM
/"■"■■«
o'diMflnirt
foraU
dry capacity. . .
IFfimor
A<;re = 4fl<0«.iHi».r«nl.. B
.hH=31M,43<-iilw Wh™. Cubic (ho
Mij<i=^naoj<ud.. p™«d=7i>oopHii..L
^ 179P cnliic incliM.
KANNLAND.
KISLOZ.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
VALVE.
Kannland.
Kapp
Kappe....
Kappland.
Kara
Karaat...
it
Karat.
C(
C(
«
qf Cologne.
Karch
Karob '
Kassaba
Kasten
Keel
Kella
Ken
Keping' ; for gold and tUver..
Keramion
Keration
«(
Keub.
Khancha; bazar
Khoull<5
Kibrath-aretz
Kichkar
Kilderkin ; for ale, old meat.
" for beer, «« ^
Kiliare ; dituted
Killot
Kilo
C(
«(
«<
Kilogramme. . .
Kilolitre ,
Kilometre
" earri,
Kiloz
Kip; /or tin....
Kisloz
Sfjoeden.
Narva.
Sweden,
•»f
Ckmataniinofie, . .
AmeUrdam
Rxueia
Cologne
FranJtfort
Germany, gen* y . .
Vienna
'*>'
Algiers 4* Tr^xAi
Arabia
IV&rtemberg
NewcaeUe
Bet-el'faki
Siam
Sumcttra
Ancient Greeks . .
'!»'
AneierU Romans..
Siam
Calcutta
Algiers
Ancient Hdrrews.
'»!<
England,
'»»<
France
Constantinople, , ,
Bucharest
Cerigo
SaJUmica
Smyrna
France
' if
'»»"
'»>'
Constantino^^. . .
Malacca
Alexandria
superficial
dry capacity .. .
'»» '
superficial
weight. . . .
•»»'
»»»•
•»$'
•»»•
'»»
•»»<
length
dry capacity ...
weight
•»»•
length
weight ,
liquid cftpacity
weight ,
•»»'
length ,
weight
liquid capacity
itinerary
weight
liquid capacity
>$$<
superficial
weight
dry capacity .. .
'!»
•»>•
•>!'
weight
dry capacity.. .
itinerary
superficial
dry capacity.. .
weight
dry capacity.. .
0,0217
0,14376
0,12991
0,0379
3,09
3,17
3,17
3,17
3,18
3,17
3,18
493,870840
3.
4,1
4,00474
474S8.
4,2
1,05097
63,17
10,26160
3,74
2,92
9,4690
0,032063
4,40270
2,4220
96,258287
19,63248
21,97404
24,7114
3,09
11,16929^
1.
6,60249
1,46679
2,204737
28,37820
0,6214
247,1134
0,942«6
40,677760
4,84100
acres,
bushels.
acres.
grains.
«<
cc
«
C«
pounds.
grains.
yards.
bushels.
pounds.
yards.
grains.
gallons.
grains.
«<
inches.
pounds.
gallons.
miles.
pounds.
gallons.
«•
acres.
grains.
bushels.
«<
«
«
pounds.
bushels.
miles.
acres.
bushels.
pounds.
bushels.
Acre = 4840 {square yarda. Bushel = 2150,'fi2 cubic inches. Cubic foot = 1728 cubic iuches.
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains. Yard = 36 inches.
47
\
\
N
KI8I.0Z.
KOPFEK.
"_*"'
LOCAtlTT.
'^■'^^■^
drytnpacily...
1JB928 yardt
2,05946 •■
1,93430 "
1.89766 ■'
133730 "
1,87989 "
1,86473 ■•
2,07424 "
1,H6029 "
1.37989 "
ir..in cui>.fcet.
133.—
110,630
117,907
192,J9S
102.696
126,141
120,955
100,490
137,311
119,533
33,423176 pounds.
6,67394 biuhols.
0,03994
0.23015 ^lona.
0,02365 biubels.
0,13119 "
0,90736 yards.
0,33497
0,11727 bUBhclfl.
O,0OIS3
4,06146
0,00213
0,01318 galloM.
O.US33S buidicls.
0,03463
0.1T529
0,94011 galhoB,
0,96425
0,81.154
0,21361
'^Z
..
am™
Brrom
1^™
Iri-'i«r
:: C;::::::::.
Ifi^in
ifl^
Fr,nM^orl
d
H««Ou«l....
dry c»p«it7.. .
'
liquid CApocitj
dry capacity., .
K r
Triaancore
l^Sth..,
Sttmaira
drycpacity...
Kopelii
liquid capBcily
dry capacity. ..
f
■ o!d
Aii-laChapiBt..
liquid capacity
Kopfcn
"
AcrE=4SWH|niiniyiirdii. D
Mile^inOjardB.
Pnund^TOOOgralni
^ITta cubic Inrhi^i.
Yud^36iD(^«>.
48
KORB.
KWATERKI.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTEB.
VALUE.
Korb ; for charcoal.
c« c«
C(
«
Korrel ,
Korzec ,
« iincel8l9
'* old meature
Krinne ; large ,
9maU
for milk
Krcxtok&nne
Eras .
Krukke
Kuba....
KQbel; for coal
** for coal at the mines.,
" for mortar
Ktlcheninass; for flour
Kuhl
Kullanjey ; for gold and tHoer
** mean {f 6
Kullmitz
Eulmet
OtnabrUck.
2Surich. . . .
HoUand...
Cracow. . .
Warsaw . .
dry capacity....
►>»'
weisrht.
dry capacity....
'»»'
CfraubUndten ....
'»»•
'»»•
((
Kumme ; for stone.
Kumpf
it
t€
Kwan
Kwarti ,
« ttncel819..
<* old measure,
" minimum,,,,
tt
maxvnum
" meanqfS,
t€
" «tneel819..
*' M measure,
Kwaterki
tt
tt
tt
Oldenburg ,
Hanover ,
Bergen ,
Abyssinia
Bavaria
Saxony ,
fVHrtemberg
Leipsic
Russia
Camatie
Travancore
Pemau; Russia,
Reval
Riga
Berlin
Heidelberg
Hesse Darmstadt.
Mannheim
Mentz
China
Cracow
Warsaw
• •••»»
Lublin
CzemowUz
Poland
Cracow
Warsaw , , .
. . . .yy. . .
Cracow,.
Warsaw
Cracow,.
Warsaw
'!»•
•»»•
weight.
•ff
liquid capacity
dry capacity... .
'»>'
■>i'
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
»»»•
'»»•
'»»"
»»»
weight
'•••>»
dry capacity..*.
'»»•
•»«
solid
dry capacity. .
'»>'
• »»<
•»•
weight
liquid capacity
'»>"
'»»>
'»>'
dry capacity...
'»»•
•»»'
liquid capacity
'»»•
dry capacity...
'»»'
0,32722
10,53789
1,54
3,40620
3,63238
3,42267
1,629667
1,147243
0,17665
0,03767
0,03767
0,02741
0,26840
1,05822
9,14623
0,20881
0,07237
7,43958
0,011610
0,011138
0,44922
0,37289
0,32294
26,841
0,19760
0,22703
0,19703
0,19399
40.
0,25044
0,26418
0,25044
0,12046
0,25397
0,21134
0,02662
0,02838
0,02671
0,06261
0,06605
0,00666
0,00708
bushels.
tt
grams,
bushels.
tt
tt
pounds.
ft
gallons,
bushels.
tt
tt
gallons.
bushels.
((
tt
tt
tt
pounds.
tt
bushels.
tt
tt
cub. fact.
bushels.
tt
tt
tt
pounds.
gallons.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
bushels.
((
gallons.
tt
bushels.
tt
Acre SB 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,43 cubic inches. Cubic foot:
Gallon bS31 cubic inches. Mile » 1760 yards. Pound » 7U00 grains.
H 49
s 1738 cubic inches.
Tard s 36 inches.
LACHTKR.
LATTE.
Ha ME.
LOPA.ITJ.
cHA.Aorr..
2,23833 ynrds.
2,16400
66,666667 pounds.
37,46S96 buahfls,
103,115530 pounds.
154,331690 '■
21,462091 "
0,075220
264,97063 ^Ibna.
48,5659 acres.
1,01479 bushels.
4500. pounds.
95.— bu.*eb.
120 cub. feet.
86,345696 pounds.
329,718
96,930940 "
85,13400 biuhcls.
84,07789
88,25658
102,34693
86,83668
82,62120
126,38310
140,31344
112.2S078
^,81627
84,73671
85,13400
91,00825
106,89993
103,97152
92,06500
112,29176
95,33230
2,06565
40,3703
6,51150 buBhela.
4,54667 yards.
2.73103 "
\,^'^' ..
Saxons
h
Soahoblimd:...
dry capacity .. .
L4d-
St in
S^fcni
^'
.;
Landr
liquid capacity
drycnjiicily...
wei^t
dry capacity . . .
I^PP«
Loat;rtisp<'»s;A™jarttclM
" forgTain....
AniMUriam
weight.
1-
'■ f IDOOi
England
.' ^
rv
.. "" '
Btl ■
dry capscily
B ^
Brunjwie
Dmmatk
" f dr mall
^
'■ f l.*^
■' /■
rj
HunJm
„
„
"
..
Ruaia
'■ (iUn»^
Biiperficial
Ancitnt Hebrtv!,
^ngouW™
drycspacity...
<J«llon = 931 cubic incta
Bh.l = B150,4a cubic
auod 1^7000 (nilng
= i;^«ilHCinGbu.
Y«d^36ii)che>.
LAWEIC.
LIBBTtA.
»A>.E.
LUCAMT^.
CHAaACTSB.
1,7 Incbai.
S. milM.
3.4284
153,75160 EBllons.
3,8366 miles.
3,8366
3,4621 "
2.6943
3,9461
4,1608 "
3,4245 "
3,4590
0,0531 acrni.
0,0474
64,446429 pounds.
0,18 grain*.
1,3738 inil«e.
0,083333 pounds.
0,3468 milcg.
0,3594
1,866286 pounds.
iJ-gton"
itinerary
liquid «pacit7
iaoemry
r
•fW
■' -Mt 1766
" marint
■ •
Pnu ■
■uperficial
Lcib;/orrt««
AppeixxtU
•"Jfft-t
, l*ug»
AndmlGaid*...
llineruy
""iffht.
Itinerary
LI ^ mtooBrt
■'' nU
BarUBa.
'"iffht.
M
'*"^™^
0,664103
1J9750O '
2,204737 '
0,798406 '
0,748267 '
0,707767
8,304737 ■
0,625236 '
0,900119 ■
0.631300 •
.0,762571 ■
0,748513 *
0,726a<« '
0,650439 '
0,769063 '
0.700209 ■
1,051357 '
.. '™
" /Wianlfi. ™ctl803.
nnn/iw ' '
„ "'"'^
„
/WWM
o,^ ;■■■
" WlOKOrM
■'
" ^v ■
■■ r old b:
*T"^::;:;
AcrB = 4B49BnU^yBrd». B
i>ta«l « Uisa,43 publ
Incbei. Cubic foD
[^und = TOM grain.
^ord^aeinchM. '
~
LIBBRA. LIBRA.
,.,.. 1 lOOAllII.. 1 C.i«o.... 1 ,-.„..
1. pound..
3,304747 ■'
0.74604J '■
0,761867 ■'
0,738629
0,T(naS9 ■■
1,662U68 "
o,T2oeea "
a.204737 •'
0.7(14414 ■■
0,707a»
l,in2663 ■■
0,747229 "
0,700307 •■
0,719715 "
6,756
0,701143 ■■
0,660fiH "
0,716511 '•
0,747660 ".
1,062379 "
0,664644 "
0,896236 "
0,707339 "
0,700166 "
0,70W4S "
0,743036 '•
0,720571 "
I,139S60 "
0,747226 '■
0313332 "
0,677714 ■'
0,748643 "
1,062760 "
0,666886 "
1,101936 "
0,734667 "
1,072663 "
0,747339 "
1,014286
0,721897 ■'
" MtB».tfl80S
ll^y
i-Jkom
rf Ing"
M«^
„
■' ]>tntoUiU:i>po».*te.
'
..
__
..
P^
" '"^ !^fttk
„ '"^
„
•■ /OfoaowItaMS
„
„
„
" '^ Mwl
„ '*"
AnKsia
„
"
„
" oadfaMTM.'
.. "P"'*"^"'^
" P»ogro,m
pern
"
Acre — 4M0 «|iiii» y>ti«ic. lHiilicl-.ai50,e cuhie IncliM. CyMc t!i«= 1738 <riiliid in.'hM.
Qiilloa=93tcul'ic tnirlMX. Hilil = ITSO yordi. PouDd = 7IMWgnUiis. Ynrd <^ 39 inchu.
_
62
LIBRA.
LIESPFTJND.
XA«..
LOCALITir.
CHA»^.T«.
VAL...
1,177393 poundi.
0,7S4929 "
1,016671
0.771700 ■'
1.624H6 "
0,882
0,882
1,078800 ■■
1,014286 "
1,014343 "
1,014296 '■
1.016097 "
0382
1,271)123 "
1,016286 "
1,0175
1,014886 "
1,010929 ■•
1,016097 ■•
0,8»1
1,014236 "
1,014286 "
0,7717
1,016337
0,761600 '•
0.786690 "
0,ffII714 "
0,794981 "
1,177331 ■•
2,354662 "
1,014386 "
1,016337 "
0,1327b |[tillon>.
0,784887 pound*.
7.6858 inchai.
17,020670 poiuida.
14,463078 "
lfi,396J40 ■'
14,418960 "
18,431601
U.9*S116 "
„ ' ^ J.
j^^^j^y"^
" \aM
^^ "
"
.. ^'"'^
„
„
,.
co!!ZLt
„
0«litt(
/\.,„(™„-„
mill
■' ^^W
.,
„
„
„
.,
,.
" nmoT
" g™CTa;/orI«tt«-,^
„
•' f oil
liquid capacity
weigh!
Librela
Foimrio
AndntOreik,..
Bertin
Liee fund
weiffht-
..'' ^
"
„
OmrlamI
"
„ .
Acre ^ 4SW iituare jirdi. B
Galldn = 131 cubic liKh»
.h«l^aiM,41<^u1.1<
MilB = lJMyimli.
PQUnd^JOMp-in.
= ITW cnWc Inchc
Yinl ^ 36 inirliei.
sa
LIEBPFOND.
LIME.
NAME. 1 LOCALlVr.
C«*»AtT«..
V.LC
LiapCuad; uugmi/rci^U. , .
ttMJmrj
weight
17,08671! pound.
15,102148 ■•
14,948116 ■'
14,963416 "
17,099904 "
18,636328 ■'
15,477254 "
3,4SK miles.
3,900S "
a,422a
3,4521
2,7617
0,0883 inches.
0,1181
0,00297 galloaa.
0,00032 biwhcl..
0,1 inches.
0,0833
0,1
0,1039
0,0679
0,0681
0,0773
0,1430
0,0721 ■'
0.0647
0,0814
0,0936
0,15
0,09»a
0.0896
0,0921
0.1192
0,0198 "
0,0858
0,1483 "
o,o8ua
0,0*10
0,0791
0,0780
mfrtigU
_^ MWffwt/mg
„
ilinerarr
l^ua,
" d( fc
„ ^^
. ,
„
..JncunlRomiou.
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
te-fflt
Im»
Si^hBui
" lifiWrt'
" nnld
Lineft
Soto
,.
,,
.,
Madrid
"
,.
„
„
Pate™
..
"
„
aWnm
"
„
Hmw
BoAflnia
'
Aen 1^ 4M0 tqiLnre farJi Bushel ^ 3150,43 Tuhu
fiBlloii-aaitubitiiwho.. JMils^lTBOyiinh.
inches. Cubic flm
dund^TOOUsraiB.
^ITSacBbkincbM.
LINIE.
LIVRB.
NA»«.
■.CCAL.TI.
CHABACTXK.
Dmmarjb
0,0359 inchlt.
0,0774
0.0M4
0,1036
0,0798
0,0933
0,0792
0,0787
0.OS31
0,080i
0,0117
0.0810
0,0864
0,0774
0,1110
0,1123
0,0324
0,0787
7.92
8,9380
0,06386 buihcla.
0,729357 poundfl.
0.698057
I,99ai& galloos.
0,719 poundii.
17,615349 "
18,746630 "
14,996644 ■■
0,657880 "
0,2£4ia galloiu.
0,(^2838 biuhela.
0,03307
0,336 pounda.
1,01TS86 "
1,036663 ■■
0,363^1 •■
0,901143 "
0,836776 "
1,064943 •'
1,09
1,102369 "
„
gU,
HanomJ
Hem Darmtladl.
L^
"
:: ::::::;:::;;;:::;::;:
:: ::::::::::::;:;:::::;:
L- k- »w
En land
dry cupaoitj...
'■ for gold undlitver
liquid capacity
weight
Li tta
Btrgama
LiBDund
„
" viktuaiU-aigt
Lit
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
,.
.
.
Aix-tn-Praiitntt.
weigiit
Arlt>
^^
" apott«arie,'; ,iM. 1811
B
„ o,rf„„„„.
" neunnmmre
ArrE = ««K|.iB™yxnl». B
GallDn=a31™hicinch«i.
-hel =11150,49 cub*
inch». Cubic too
DUnd = TOM piliu
= 17S8 cubic inchni.
63
LITRE.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHARACTER.
LITRE
VALUE.
Livre.
((
** commercial
" /<"* S^ <>^ tUver.
** metrical
«
«
*' metrical
" poidi de mare
«' fortilk
" deCharlemagneoraierUn
*< apothecariee*; old meas. .
** " neiomea«..
" current
Bourbon I.
Bourges, . .
BruueU..
'»»<
• • • •»»• • •
Cambrai.
weight.
Carpentroi
Frances UUlSiO
.6^.1800
'»»"
'»»"
*€
«
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
•(
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
»<
((
((
tt
tt
tt
old meaatare
for cattriron.
qf Savoy.,..
• • •»»
...about 800
. . .ft. . . etnce 1837
CrenetM ........
'»>'
GrenoUe
»»'
•»'
Guadeloupe.
HdiU
Laiueanne...
Lihge
jeujeUer^ . . .
old measure.
commercial. . .
foreilk
poitU demarc.
commercial...
tt
jewdlere*. . .
dfi meaevre.
old meature.
tt
commercial
for gold, silver, etc
toholesale
qfJlsaee; old measure,
old measure
tt
tt
. . .,,. . . .
Limoges.
Louoain
Lyons ..
'»>•
• • •»» '
Marseilles.
Mons
•»»•
Montpellier.
Namur... .
Nancy
Nantes
Neufehata..
....„...,.
Rouen
Stradnarg . .
Ibulouse...
Tours
JVoyes
'»»•
•»>'
•>»'
•»>•
•»»•
•>»
•»'
•»»"
'»»•
•»> '
•»"
'»»■
'»»<
•>»"
•»>•
'»»•
»»»'
•»»"
'»»•
•»»•
'»>■
•»"
•>»"
•»»'
•»>'
'»»•
•>*
'»>'
1,079219
1,032671
1,031143
1,084740
2,204737
1,036286
0,881895
1,102369
1,079219
1,011768
0,809464
Q,809514
1,102369
1,011816
1,214189
0,920186
1,218357
1,216757
1,079219
1,079219
1,102369
1,029871
1,084913
1,062514
1,034614
0,944317
1,011768
1,079219
0,899349
1,026457
1,084264
0,887259
1,028729
1,004714
1,090071
1,146710
1,079219
1,122378
1,037711
0,899430
1,048857
1,146464
pounds.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
■tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Acre ra 4840 square yards. Bushel s= 3150,43 cubic inches. Cubic foot:
Gallon =231 cubic inches. Mile == 1760 yards. Pound » 7U00 grains.
= 1738 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 Inches.
56
LIVRE.
LOTH.
-
»*MB.
..OCAIITT.
C«A«ACT«..
»....„».
Uvn-.foroa
MaruOla
liquid cepKCit;
0,36214 gaUoiia.
0,12569 ••
«)16._ pound..
50. cub. feet.
0,06623 buiholi.
0,029290 ■■
92,168001 "
1,11894 buaheli.
1,93793
1,86150
0,08779 sallona.
0,14263 " ■
0,64415 yards.
0,62994 "
0,033996 pounds.
0,022047 ••
2,30032 bushels.
0,59739 gallona.
0,032398 pounds.
0,032S36 "
0,032178 "
0,032224 ■'
0,032637 "
0,033071 "
0,032224 "
0,035336 "
0,034346 "
0,033206 "
0,032207 "
0,027696 "
0,032165 "
0,034815 "
0,033317 ••
0.033733
0.033360 '■
0,032229 "
0,034449 "
0,032231 "
0,032279 "
0,032206 "
^^^
waighl
flnuw*
dtycap«:lty...
WBiffht
Ratria; Root...
dry capaoilj. , .
" maxima
" IMOBofB
A»atntHAm«
liquid capacity
^"^
weiffht
FHolond
Dmkifk
Anl»arp
dry capacity....
liquid capacity
^
"
Aagtburg
.,
„
"
" ::::::::::::::::::;::;:
Htni Darmtadt.
•■ Z'^Z'.''.'.'ZZZ'.'.
AcrB-4B40«,uw.jurdi. BuO
Gdllon = 331 cubic tnphM.
Gl ^ 9ISI>,43 ciiblc
Vtllc = 17S0 yurd!.
ind>». Cubic r«.
ouiid=700a|r>in<.
=c iTib cuIhc inctuw.
"^
57
lOTll.
MAES8.
— 1
SAME.
LO^^XL.TT.
C«AH*CI„.
VALC.
woiyhL
0,033398 pound..
0,033349
0,035136 "
0.632590 "
0,03M33
6,035014 "
0,03-fflM '■
0,028178 "
0,031692 "
n,03S7aa "
6,038679 "
3.43 grwa.
0,0S6O9S pounds.
0,026026 ■•
0,027940 •■
0.60 graina.
0,0256 inches.
0.0192
0,2762 miles.
16,337101 pounds.
1,74535 buahck.
0,05931
1.673? acres.
0.02643 gallonfl.
0,00284 bushels.
23,49 grains.
38.39
15,90
66,88
44,83
38,83
5S.33
1256,7 pounds.
0.01389
0.3SO56
0,97943
0,46525
0,62534 "
0,39760
..
Pr
„
SotoiL™
J.:::::::::::::::;:;::
Latow;<M™a«r«
" commn-cioi
'«"™J-
Lyapond ) old naarare
dry capacity ...
■' for ain
„
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
Mnafe- li -I
., ^ ' i
-^mfioyna
of 11
MU,Ka
" ™„„/5
Simatra
^
3*
....,
dry capacity....
.. ^
M •suoA
Am-
„ j,„^
Bumria
,
Ajio = 4640 nquari! yaris. B
Galloii=B-dl cubic inctau.
Illicit 3150,12 i^nlik
inchei. Cubic Iba
= lTa8™bic inches.
Tard^Wlilchss.
68
MAESS.
Maessli.
HAHE.
LOCALITY.
OHA.-*CTS..
MfiSB
jVitoHTS
drycptcity...
45311 buihels.
61333
76554
SHil
73635
29180
61333
37584
61333 "
02433
01290
02438
04766
01272
07744 "
03931
01419
04766 ■'
02463
01212
01313
05253
07311
04730
13016
01139
04257
03281
18937 "
189U
37S27
03334
06926
06572
04267
06573
04357
05311
06572
03330
03994
"
„
Ha« Darmiladt.
, '"'
■• r oaU
f
M k t wid
' cU
ugal
««™<lf'l
Hi,M Darnutadt.
"
MntuiA*;
Mentx
bal
•S
^i
,
H'drnnr
ihurr
bJT^
■■ •"-»»-
f'wT
,. '
W'Wihirg
i<
i/"'
rtur
„
i
tfoi
Carf iJie
„
„
^_
Air *
Acre = 4S40 Miunre ynrdi. D
Gn1lon = a3I cubic iochei.
.liel = 91M,41caWeinoha. Cubic f<Krt = l
Mile = 1760yanl<. Pound = 70IIO gmim. Ym
X cubic intiiM.
il = 3ainch«.
63
le ; jeufdltr^, ......
i; oldmtanre
.borong ; far prte. i.
Gloriiand Sdrai
S. Gall ftnd Uri
S. Gall
Zug aud ZarilA,
Borneo
for barley and oc
bffortlSie
CMmix . .
Cologiu, . ,
Danisic, . .
Franltforl
GoUia
Hanover .,,.-.
Haie Cmel. . .
Ha— DoTvulai
MatuAtim...
Mnix
NoMton. ,- ^
NAmbtrg
S. Gail
Scltweilx and Ur
Goiha
Mangaiare . .
,9SII6 galk)i
,20700
,31127
.2567*
643
,as6ae
,95619
,30559
.G333S
,92674
,SS5S0
,77982
Maoeh
Mangal j foi ftarlt. .
Mannawerk
Kate; far gold and iti
'* for grAd and tUoer. . .
" catatnmiaX
" for gold and iSarr..
SIkml ; for groin ; mean ,
Aneiail Hrlirtwi.
MadroM
Zurich
Pondichtry
IHadriu
AnjoT ; Bombay.
Pranet; bif. 1792
1^1310 '40
NeafthliUi
SaloOaim
Vmid; tinet lS3a
Mymre., . ..... . .
lUadrai
Metulipatan
Pimdichrry
E. India
Aragon
Ionian Jilti. . .
Italy ; li
wrigfat
dry capacity . .
weight
irycspncity..
0,06714 bUEhEli.
24,3742% pounda.
0,348S4 buehela.
0,4S«»6
a,M81I3
□,536107
0,618870
0,701343
3.204737
n = «m wiuere ymnk.
.,.„A,.».
MARCO.
MARE.
-
»*»..
LOC.l.TT. 1 *«.«A<.T1». 1 V*LD>.
MiTM ; /or yoW flwl ,iJ«r. .
0.518118 poundi.
0,6IS113 ■■
0,539369 "
0,9351130 •<
0,525630 ■■
0,507090 •'
0,505930 "
0,747660 ■•
0,543144 ••
0,607641
0,603049 "
0.61S870 "
0,508229 "
0,526830 "
0.525330 ■'
0,31966 gullons.
0,5U'J5a pounds.
0,515590
0,51Sa90 "
0,515306
0,520430 ••
0,618870 "
0,616116 "
0,515306 "
0,515306 "
0,539609 ■<
0,519530 "
0,616306 "
0,515300 "
0,5163U6 "
0,447165 "
0,518995
0,515306 "
0.567037 "
0,515776
0,639609 "
0,617992 '■
0,533943 "
0,515306 ••
0,516306 ■'
0,515306 ■'
" ffgMamdnhwr...
Pad«,
"
Parma tPlaetot.
<.
„ „
..
"
«"-*^g
Aii-la-Clapdit..
liquid cM»dty
Wight
■■ for MandiUotr
..
Badfn
"
flnBinofc'
Damark
" for Idr, d tilver
" mmln- o!
*"
"
"
Hail C. a«d D.
Acn^^tBtOBquBrcyaKla. Bu
GalK>ii = 331 tuinc incbea. It
M=sfl0,42,:i,l,idinrt«l. Cubic f™i= ITM (Ublc Inchtl.
ilH^lTM jard.. Pound = TIKIO jraini. Yard = 36 lochot.
62
Mark; cammerdai..
. HoUtein.
. JTSnigAergi o.
. LOiic
. MKkltnbars, ■ ■
. Nassau
. Nernberg
0,M3B77 p
0,54S37Q
a,21M737
0,610306
0,61 6470
0,516306
O.filfi306
0,616814
0.623»»7
• iVogui," old m.
- Prussia i gtner'y. .
ammtrcial ; eld me
far gold and sdctr
0,451033
a,430SO6
0,463642
O,61SS70
.. TiiuTis
. . Aarav
.. Aix-la-Clu^lt.
. ■ Appfnrrlt ......
. Augiburg
liquid capacity
0,S1S306
D,S17S93
4,38641 r
MASS.
MASS,
.....
■.OCAL.TT. j CflA.ACT... | ,AL„..
CMnOx
liquid capacity
0,33683 galluns.
0,37223 "
0,36110
0,47367
0,42104
0,41265
0,47
0,24030
0,13209
0,35099
0,62423
0,57667
0,45932
0,61673
0,263ia
0,46653
0,52677
0,44759
0,44778
0,49324
0,3S241
0,503
0,3S50a
0,30302
0,34665
0,35944
0,42115 "
0,60748
0,42190
0,21372 "
0,47949
0,36664
0,383U6
0,24196
0,48599
0,44116
0,50653
0,48212
0,43379 "
0,56325
0,04677 bmhela.
0,04669 "
" /
„
(1o(d™*
■■ all-noH
efaru^
■• f oU
•< f b«r
•• farviiMt ,
HM»t DanaOadt
■' Mauatun
/Mu«mne
,.
•< -J,
" udrthiimai
•'
" f hmmAoa
" .i:*™*-mo«; <Ai ™h.
embtrg
,
,. ■'
SoMJmrn
» ::::::::::::::::::;::.
„
"
■■ (riteiiAiKiM
'
■' Amt
" for oil
dry capacity...
A.n =48« N,u.r> y,rfl^ B
ihel =al5n,« cubic inchm. Cubic fom = 1738 cubic dnch™.
rtiiBi^lTMysnlE. Pnumt^TOWgniiin. Yard = 36 Inchc
64
MASS.
MAUND.
HAK..
LOOAfTT.
OHA.ACT...
M«m; for wheal amirs'....
Xatnbtrg
dry capacity .. .
0,03529 buihela.
0,03260
0.02953
0,06213
0,1896
0,12003 biuheli.
0,13148
0,98241 gallonB.
14,64017
18,83539
21,693
27.63536
n.l!ri73
30,(B987
6.163
36,S-J9 pounds.
75.866667 ■'
116.
85,641833 "
3,039063 "
38.
7,683
82,133333 "
74.6666ffl •■
34,7770
81,151750 "
35.
79,78
6,75
24,75
39,739656 "
1 ,330078 '■
35
36,349
100,43
37.352323 "
B6,474S
IViUlaalitr
" inmninff
PruMia
nperiicisl
MHBsel
Awtria
h™™
dry capBcity.. .
M^l,it„„e
liquid capacity
M«l€llo .
M 15 f oa
TV^imJ/rico.
Ai-nan.
Jnjarj prm
^-^gi-l-
Qf3
,^
■• /or fndip., v*™. «(c.
"
,.
" Enetih facloni
,
a
..
„
„
.. .. I:::::::::.
" f«rcium;mmi>!f2
"
Am =^*m f<imfK yMjit. Ba
tiallon^aaiuubicJnchei.
>lMl=91S0,«lcu1]>c
Hlle^lTMyordi.
Inehei. Cubic (bn
^17B8 cubic inche«.
V»rd = 3}loclwi.
MADND.
MEILE.
N*««.
tOcAL.TT.
CHA«ACr.».
VALt,,.
25. pound*.
BO
8,75
263686
25,9
24,274
74,666667 '■
77
fi,SlS61 gallonB.
0,69281 boebela.
1,44
3,24676 gallona.
456,2093 pounds.
0,0551 acre..
0,84867 yard*.
0,85523
20,03 grrain*-
30,86
0,72828 gsllons.
1,46973 braheb.
0,07283
0,06460
0,06003
0,38913 gaUoM.
4,7141 mitea.
1,150T
6,5234
4,6143
5.3652 "
3,4528
6,7M7
6,7520 "
4,6803
6,3779
4,6306 '■
6,1936
4,9958
4,0622
1,1620
1»
''
""™ '" *
Oriua'''
^
Baroadi! Gujerat
Uqoid capacity
drycapecily...
/-"«-»'
far oil
fill
UquicJcapacicy,
"■•^—'f"
Bupcrackl
.
,_
1\1
lia-tablaj/oryoU
RioJoMin,
A«ci»a Gr«*,..
liquid capacily
drycapttcily...
..
„
liquid opacity
JlHtria
„
„
„
,.
.,
.,
Brwinne
..
..
" mariM
Acrf = 484(l«iuarc yards. B
anUan ^ ^1 cubic inchst.
•bel^ai5a,49<:ab»
MUe = 1760yudt
ilU^hCB. CtiWC ft»
Turd = 36 \Bcbcm.
MEILE.
METICAL.
SAB..
LOCALITY.
CB*R«T»a.
V-AL
UX.
Meile
■'"'"^
4,6S06
6,1346
B^aoji
4,6038
4,68
4,eOSB
4,2220
4.0360
4,2292
4,6028
0,17027
0,19133
0.2
0,24206
0,19183
1,41890
0,8760
0,07179
0,32032
0,32464
O.0S319
0,06227
0,31966
1.2287
i,ai74
0,02406
119,683
0,41503
0,6S40i
0,14530
1,06
0,1440
0,9760
0.1E67
0,03213
73.85
72,06
74,25
69,S1
73,62
63.-
mil«.
buahdi.
buahek.
incha.
buaheb.
cub. feet.
buBlielB.
iralloiu,.
buehelB.
p*^..'.v.:::
„
JHluu
drycai»dly.,..
„
Lubm
..
JWodnro
„
„
Mettcaudfio
K-J*nrimn»»
C-'niroy
Saint qumiin...
BUperdciaJ
drycapadly...
liquid capacity
HrrmM
Menu; M mau. j mean qf b
ixiBguatoc
dry capacity....
M^'klaJlo
rrsrtomfare
dry capacity. . .
g
^OUDUtH
liquid opacity
■opcrficial
Mciurfe; oldmtaiure
/bii
M-la
dry cnpacity. . .
A\f„-M
M^
^
tWmB fc
Tiama
jnoriltr.'
Tripotiin A/Tim.
Aetae-MMMHnrcyurdi. Bu
GkJIOD 1=331 cubic incheB.
IDChH. Cubic loo
Dund^TOOOpaiii.
Yard ^36
uZ^
,317 cub.
,36160 gsll<
12426
,56313
,U9707
,13128
,27066
I95B0
,40703
,10976
,39476
,'20»49
,0S337
,56436
,52176
,00343
13650
4739
,646J7 biuhBta.
MBTTERfeE.
MtLLIEB.
NAHE.
tocAl.T.. 1 CHA»*OT«a.
ViLO..
Bourff-m-firMje,
Uquid capacity
drj capncitj.. .
0,9774 acr«s.
39,31722 ^Ibns.
0,78352 biiabfla.
0,02161
0,15053 gallon..
40,18 grains.
2,12936 biiaheli.
44.83 grains.
T4S,6 pounds.
747,56
0,7467 acres.
0,6214 miles.
1,1536
1,1593
0,9252 "
1,5744 "
1,0276
4,68
3,6394
3,4531
0,6214
6,6336
6,9216
1.1 423
1,3727
640 acres.
1,2783 miles.
1,1507
0,8648
1.3111
1,1507
0,6214
15,74613 gallons.
16,99457
0,9192 miles.
1079,219 pounds.
MeizttU
JVoplH and .Sicily
„
„
liquid opacity
wei^bt
dry capacity
Oritca
MalMca
„
^
Vmia
luperflcittl
itinerary
"
..
„
"
Daanark
Mijl; oUoMo™-*
Gnat Britain
„
EngliadimAU.S
Portagal
itinerary
Sua'
Mille; old mmnm
Frana iind Brig.
"
JWoririUu
liquid capacity
Aneiml ifMWnt.
itinerary
MilliBr;oWn«««r,
Acre-^.4840«,u.>reyBrdi. B
ClUlan ^ !»1 culHF in<:bet.
MUe-17B0J«dH, Pound = 7l»0gmi,it
= ItBS «uliic Inchci.
MILLIER.
MISURA.
MAMS.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTSB.
VALUB.
Millier ; metrique. . . .
" forvmtywrd$.
Millig^ramme
MilligT&mmow
MiUimiire
Miltre
Mioaor Mna
old metuurt, . . .
nnce 1803 ,
«
«
c<
(«
«
«
c«
cc
Mine
«
t»ncel803.
*' old tneature.
" for oalf....
" for galL
*' for ekareoal.
*€
tt
Min6e
Minella
Minkel
Minot; old tneature.
<«
Mindto
«<
Miro; /or oil.
Miacal
««
«<
«<
«
tt
Mlsftm
«<
/Vanef
Sardinia
Prance and Belf .
Poland,
Prance and B<lf .
Corfu
Ancient (Egina. .
Ancient Attica.. .
Milan
weigiat. . . .
•aperficial.
weight. . . .
•*>•
'»»'
Plorence and Leg.
Genoa
Milan
Parma
Pita
Plaeentia
Turin
Dieppe
Orleant
Parte
'»»'
>»"
• •»»
Rouen
Beauoaie
Angers
Verona
Coblentz
Parie
Lower Canada.
Naplee
Rome
Venice
Bagdad
Cairo
Calieul
Ckunbroon
Mocha
Smy^ma
Corfu
Naplee
/onion /ales...,
length ,
liquid capacity
weight.
•»><
liquid capacity
»>
dry capacity... .
'»»'
•>»"
'»>'
>>»'
•>»'
'»>"
'»»'
'»»•
'»>•
'»»'
•»»'
•»»'
'»»•
superficial
'»
dry capacity ...
»»»"
'!»"
•>»•
length.
'»»'
liquid capacity
weight
'»»•
•>»'
•»»•
'»>'
• >»"
dry capacity .. .
• ••• •»*
superficial
2204,844
0^256
0,015
0,016
0,0394
0,18756
1,604304
0,962582
3,32653
2,64178
0,34577
3,42570
0,28378
0,66688
0,34577
0,49961
0,65297
2,95321
0,92288
2,21491
4,42962
2,95321
5,90642
2,58406
0,6307
0,9774
1,08496
0,04209
1,10746
1,11111
0,1730
0,1465
4,02566
72.
69,27
66,7
71,75
72.
74,36
0,59476
0,06530
0,2988
pounds.
gTains.
It
inches.
gallons.
pounds.
tt
gallons.
tt
bushels.
M
M
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
acres.
tt
boshelB.
tt
tt
tt
inches.
tt
gallons.
grains.
tt
tt
tt
tt
««
bushels.
f(
acres.
Aera 0*4840 Miiiare yarda.
"9^ ettlMC indies.
Bushel =3150,^ cubic inches. Cubic fbots=1798 cubic inches.
Blile s 1780 yards. Pound » 7000 grains. Yard =& 36 inches.
70
MISDHELLA.
MiBUfella ; fornil . .
Mitjera..
Mitre
Hucba. . .
Modillo. .
ModlUB . .
Mogglo ..
Moleler-vat
Molt.
.dino;/Dr»ott
Monkelier
Moo ; for goid and liletr.
Moon
Moorah j earpeniry^,.,, -•
ilone-ctUling. ■ ■
Baralona
Caialonia
Aby«inia
Sieay
Aticimt Romatu^
Florenciiad Leg. .
lOuua
drj cap»city - .
. liquid capacity
, auperficial.. .
Oldenburg.....
P'S»
Sindh
IMchinopoly. . ,
wei^t..
HindMtim
Aix-la-(3apiat.
"igl"
, dry capacity ..
Buperficial ....
4,77969
17,76133
16,59036
S,399S I
OfiSii
0.T8S1
23,02020 1
. pgund — TOOOgBint. Ynrd^Mini
(WoCIM...-
Hamburg...
HiH Dvrmtladt.
l^PPi
IJIhuoHia
Ifervbtrg..
Horgfow
MiiMe
Hntnrwu
Moulo
Mouwer; aldnu
Hadds) oUi»
Mudi
Mflhltnuul. . .
Muid
H'tirtemb^..
Poland
Giaieia....
Frtnrh tfr. India
Morocco ' ■ ,
B'lgi^n
UoOand
..Jmtrtfort
Augtburg....
JVfu/eUfal . .
dry capacity ■ .
liquid capacity
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
0,0193 acrea.
2^3793
3,30033
G.noii
3,59218
0,10907
8,30199
10,37578
rr = 4840 muaK ytiit. BvmI
. MUe = l7l»jird<. Pound = 70
Muid ; /or ptaitir. .
Mutcbkia
Math; for lime.,
for grain.
MQthel ; for Imu
Mutaje
Mtttt
' forbaritJian
jintd
OH Hilta
IVammcori. , ■
ScnOand
NaU
Nanki ; far gold and liiar .
Nelli
Nello;/(ir gold and nbxr...
Ncly
Ken..,.
Nffu
Niou
Nonag^^esis
RocluIU
TVembtadt...
Vaim
NONAGESaiS.
70,S7"79
19,12es4
34,0S36U
68,10720
0,11409
0,33310 '
73,730S8 gaU
160.731 n
veight
. liquid capacity
. dry capacity...
Aj^iensdl...
Berne
Zurich
Frmee and Btlg.
Jndtnt Grrda.
Poadidiiry. , ■
Bengal
Ancient Rotaani,
weight.
itinenuy
liquid CBpftcity
dry capacity...
len^
gsUooi.
: bushels.
liquid capacity
, dry capacity . .
weight. . ,
4,77129
3,9449S
a,3M
S,&6573
4, SI
2,33043
aS,O47I70 p>
6,3138 ir
14711,43 ai
!9,333333 pgimda.
0,37 gniiuB.
0,»609SD pound!.
3,66443 yards.
id ^ 7WN) Braini. Tnid =
NONUNCIUM.
OHM.
«*««.
l,OCAL.T^. 1 CHABAClIft.
^n^n^a™™..
0,641423 pounda.
6,497074 "
0,12J50 gaJloQB.
0,13371
0.13513
0,11153
0,12016
0,11954
0,12839
0,11954
0,1 69W
0,11333
0,13498
0,12098
0,01291 buahela.
0,14767 "
0,078125 pounda.
315,93
0,24992 gsllon..
1,00553 buahela.
11,90 p-aina.
9,0S
18.717
11,230
16.697
8,773
2,828671 pounda.
0,39 gHlloaa.
0.04191 bushela.
a,S6fil6S pounds.
66,44 graias.
0,0(H08 bunholH.
0,00533
4.1094 inch™.
67,751771 pounda.
6.7T5177 '■
100,317784 "
39,62^70 gullona.
13,44589
49,81966
38,29651
^
.Srunnoie
liquid capacity.
„
„
.,
„
■' oMmtiuurt
K'einun-
,,
drycBp»cily...
„
Nowtauk
MonJipotjn
w i hi
*
liquid capacity
dry capacity..,
weight
2VipoIiin4/Hea,
FranaiA.D.aOO
"
Occa
„
liquid capBcity
dry capacity...
„
MoldoBia^
Ochiva; eommtrciai
dry capacity...
AndoU HoHMfu..
liquid capacity.
Ba»a
"
ia)ieL^aiM,4acublciiichei. Cubic Ibo
= ITBB culiU: inchu.
71
OHM.
ONCE.
«.»«.
LOOXLIry. |CHA»ACT>..
"'"■
BrWHioie
liquid cnpocily
39,52016 gallons.
36,51486
37,89104
46.13323
41.33857
39,26490
13,69618
42,14168
25,28600
38.27410 "
12,17749 , "
0,28604
0,03062 bushels.
2,705653 pouuJe.
2,777143 "
2,649212 "
2,797143 "
2,828571 ■'
3.371429 "
2,778023 "
0.046S4 bushels.
2.643429 poundB.
3,812488 "
2.813918 ••
2,670476 "
3,813439 "
„
HamCatni
HoMe Danmladt.
I toge '.".'.7'.'.''.
Luanu
.,
dry capacity...
Oka
Jterondrio
„
■g
„
"
■"igorB
.,
drycBpacity...
weight
„
„
'■
"
3
3
a
ei
a
699S00 '•
952833 "
34681 gtOloDS.
60060
66383
00545 bushels.
U023
063241 pounds.
00569 gnUon^.
067470 pounds.
067451 "
06SS99 "
063451 "
„
„
3HpoH in 4friea.
liqtrid capacity
OkshooCd
A to-dom
Galliria
JWarfnu
dry cBpBclty ., .
Omer
AnaadHArtm.
Porfugol
■ ht
liquid capacity
weight
'■ tore
F«».w,-.d,O.800
" /orgoMondiii™-
...... .1812 to '40
fioUon =231 cubic inchM.
■)i»l^ai!>a,4a(ruliic IndHo. Cubic Ibcr
Milc = l»Oyi>nt>. Pound = 7lM0gnili»
= 17* ™yr inchfs.
Turd = as inchea.
75
:
ONCE.
OR A.
SAM..
LOcAwrv. 1 CH*.*CT..,
""■■
w"igt"
0,067*51 ponndB.
o.oessse
0.071669 "
0,066634 "
0,06S366 "
0.073305 "
0,062376 "
0,064089 "
0,059351 "
0,068379 ■'
0.064533
0,068174 "
0.060074 "
0,064604 "
0,058701 "
0.U58936 "
0,058350
0.059976 "
0,061)195 ■■
0.062297
0.064768 "
0,067778 '■
0,056461 ■'
0,087729 "
0.055190 "
0,220174 "
03 inch™.
0.8560
1,9242
0,8661
1,7331
0,7330
1.6855
0,7992
0,9920
0,063320 pounds.
0,063506
0,067992
0,067796 "
0.220174 "
0,064286 "
"
LOWOIM
'■ fareoUa„da«tr
„
JMi^nuL
"
" farg^mtdtilver
Awiua
"
TWin
" apotheearut-
„
■
,.
rmtf. /-OBiiords-
"
Sftl
JVapfai and JV>«.
Emu
.
,,
Omaryl.
..
England: m 1000
Ae«.=^HO,Miuarfri>nU. En
hFl^«5ii,4acultlc iDcbn. Cubic Rkv
f INS cubic IndHc
Yatd^astacbai.
7fi
ORBAH. .
OCNCE.
WA«B.
LOCAMTV,
CHABACTSa.
Floraui
Jm»n( Crscfa..
dry capacity...
liquid capacity
0,19Ot0 bo.hpls.
8,83147 galluDS.
a,022(J7 yards.
2,31563
1,62060 "
1,3223 acres.
17,34769 gallons.
14,96248
15,03 grains.
16,06
14,19
0.09089 gallons,
0,06188
0,06419
0.09702
0.09013
0,08067
0,05977
0,02157 "
0,00233 bushels.
14,76 gniBg.
14,60
8,3443 incbea.
1S.99 grains.
12,73 "
2,876 busbeli.
1,698S9
OH06U6 gallons.
0,15122
0,11964
0,004317 pounds.
0,38 grains.
0,00*471 pounds.
0,4-K21 bushels.
4,H759 gBlloaa.
0,06170 bushels.
0,06iaS6 pounds.
0,0625
0.068671 "
0.0695
0,06S571 "
,
«iUa«o
BuparficiaL
Uqnid cpacity
t
flr^m
weight
Dflunorltsnd.Vy
liquid capacity
^
■^
"
■' Utai
Rataek
it
dry capacity...
wdght.
Haaootr
,.
AnciaU Grakt..
■
„
nam- brol
S-Pcttmburg....
dry opacity...
.. '
Oi ftscbU
Uqmd capacity
n™^.!
"
flr
LUbfc and RmC*
BelosTut
Tim
dry capacity...
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
weight
PilJa d
Otttn^ar
Denmark and N'y
England, in 1500
O ^ TbiDtr
■< -ni
Acn = 4M)<qluu« TBrdi. Bu
Oalian^aal cubic inchex.
•hd^SlSO.ia cubic inclin. Cubic foo
= 1736 cubic iT.c1u>.
Tatd^aebifhe..
OPNCE.
PAGODA.
»AB..
LOCALITY.
VALUE.
SwHaniJ
^
0.0»<49n puunda.
0,089319 '■
0,037889 "
0.O0S16T '■
0,007905 "
0,(M74ti biuhol^.
0,1071 acna.
0,0*14
O.0S70
S9,299ja gnllona.
64,43911 "
69,23024
62,49131
63,43
66,21708
63,33773
67,22099
62,IS923
60,11529
63,43531
53,89732
69,36076
60,49676
67,38221
6934080 ■■
62,19801 - "
0,01783
0.0OI91 buahele.
60. inches.
61.
6,91643 bu.hel«.
0,60672 yarda.
0,60CT2
0,67888
240 poua.]e.
1082,0292
0.06380 gslJoM.
0,06979 "
0,06419
1,99016
63,511 grains.
..
rai/orlivaxu
dry cp^itr .. .
•uperficial
1^
n3e or (Euvre ; fnmii qf 7
FWt
.
Gm™
/<»-OT««!/ari(<
Coj^-Asc™
liquid CM«tily
'
ofnaai ■
ro
H-omturg
/Dftrmwf
oUmcuurc
.dnd*..lGrM*»..
dry capacity...
iUnorary
£'nglanilandl7.>S.
lory
drycpacity...
Pht
tri
flotlrim
^«»nl ernbi. .
£nfflanii
,'f
PSg
el
o™««-t
liquid capacity
P»eOda;ffoWrte.;B««nn/l3
Cinftulmjo
Eaithvdift
Aero = «40 wiun™ yirda. B
■he] = ai50,«culi
Mile = 1760 jurdi.
Poudd ^TOWgfaim,
= 11« cubic inchei.
PAGODA.
PALMO.
»AMI.
LOCAL.T,. j CHAaACT«,
TiLB,,
Pagada; maiinum
£./Mli«,-JI£«iura
66,01 gnxoB.
62,S6
0,031943 pound*.
0.01561 biubeia.
0.14535 gnlloM.
3,0M3 inciiM.
0.5
0,I16S9 bushels.
3,7692 inch«i.
Puliawj farpredom tiena. .
Sunwira
dry capacity .. .
liquid capacity
Paliiala
Jncienl Crtati. .
*
Calcutia
dry capacity...
^^
Palm; Mp-buildmg
A Urdam
3,9370
3,4896
3,7698
3.1875
3.9370
8.7073
'■ A^-building
" ihip-buildins
"
.
., ' ^
M^tpOlier
"
0,40444 yards.
8,9080 inchoa.
7,6888
8,5692
9,7783
9,6919
8,2188 "
2,1396
11,4984
9,Sff70
8,6616
8,9J50
7,8822 '■
7,6870 '*
10,3768
10.4
10.3810
10.4181
9,3128
11,4844 "
8,6692
9,8034
8,3470
10,3348
„
*
" Ue ft
" ma or
'■ meLr
„
Flartme and Lig
,,
'< a vri
ia»,
" da Junta ! Gripping.
„
^:. ::::::::
'
RioJman
AMe=4S40«|™rB)™ri». Bu
ebd ^B150,«i cubic iuchM. Oubic R»
llile = ItSA yanb. Fonnil = 7000 grains.
= Vm cubic Uii^he..
Yud^KinQbaK.
PALMO.
PAYAK.
.....
LOCAUIT.
CHA.AOT.a.
VAHI»,
length
9,6397 iuchu.
8,9370
3,9760
13.6776
3,9370
3,9130
0,241360 pounds.
8,6303 inchai.
IO.076O
9,6636
93437
0,66766 bushels.
a.esi7a
0,0697 acres.
0,492967 pounds.
0,ai6U4 "
0.6291W "
3,333333 buahcla.
1,74419
4.1468 milta.
3,11
0,97537 yards.
0,88314 '■
1,77638 ■■
1,24340 ",
0,74887 "
1,5466 "
1,37663 "
1,79843 ■'
1,9
1,80460 "
1,79273 "
2,16269 '■
i,eas97 "
1,51972 ■'
1,61777 "
0,626 inches.
3,9MI
3,1969
0,6677 acres.
1,438 bushels.
k!( ■
JiKiml ilomant
/"
-deht.
leuffth
Fnmet; nU...
" ^OnvU-y; ».»»«.
T t
Psnal
ManMm
drycapadly....
^
Fbyrmu*
Klndini Bombay
B^sdJ
superficial
weight
Pao ; /or grata ;tmm™«...
Bombay
dry capacity ....
Parsjup; [«»«rt™]....
/■0-.W * Turhty
Bordiaul
Frana, gntraUy
itinaraiy
Pas
*
fVmcA fT. Jwfia
l™vJ
isH' *
^^i«
1>«m.
■■
^ ..":.::
*^
,. "
Pa«J
PaUDio- fotrfcr.'
<• «
Pause or Pow
WsufoWW
As™ =-]610 .qunre ynHi. B
(Mli.n = a31 cubic ii«:hM.
uhel = 91.^0,49 cohic inchH. Cubic ibcH
Mile = 1760 yarde. fmuiA = TOW ^raliu.
yard ^ 36 iaditt.
80
.
PE.
PERTICA.
NAME.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTfiR.
VALUE.
F6
" arcfdteeiural
Peck ; imperial
" old measure
*' qf Linlithgow; wheat,
for barley.
it
It
K
Pccul
((
((
«
Portugal.
• •••*»••••
England.
• •••»*•••'
Scotland .
•»'
" qf China,.
" qf Manilla.
«
«
««
(«
Pello
Penge
Penning
Pennyweight
Perch, or Pole
«* qfland
qfmatonry
or Pole
Perche ; legal; old meature,.
** qf Burgundy
" (fParit
" usual
" UUage
** vineyards*
Pertfca
United States....
Borneo and C*bu
Cambodia
China and Sum'a
Japan
Java
Malacca
length..^
«••*>
dry capacity...
•>»•
•f»'
weight.
■»»"
•»>'
•»>'
Philippine!,., ».
Siam
Jbnquin
Rome ,
Denmark
Amtterdam
EnglandBXidU,S.
'»'
'»"
'»>"
'»i'
'»>'
•if
liquid capacity
weight
•>*>
'»»•
>«•
•»>•
'»»•
tt
(I
«
(C
(C
(C
C(
tt
tt
• • •»>• •
Irdand,
France,
'»•
•»
• »»•
Neufeh&td
■>»'
AMona
Bologna
Florence
Parma
Pisa
Ancient Romans,
JSjorin
Venice
Bergamo
Cremona
MUan
• •••>#
length ....
superficial
solid
length. . . .
'»•
'»"
>»"
'f>'
superficial « . . . .
>»»'
»f><
0,36090 yards.
0,37030 "
0,25788 bushels.
0,25 ««
0,25545 «
0,37264 ««
0,25 ««
135,635421 pounds.
133,333333
133,333333
130.
132.
135.
125.
139,449615
135.
132.
21,6930
15,05
59,493
24.
5,5
«
((
t€
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
gallons.
grains.
tt
tt
yards.
0,00625 acres.
26.
7.
7,81561^
3,44101
6,39460
7,10509
5,02456
6,13147
4,47920
4,156939
3,19122
3,56734
3,19011
3,23665
6,74246
2,27968
0,1636
0,1970
0,1617
cub. feet.
yards.
((
It
tt
tt
«
tt
tt
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
acres.
<4
tt
Acre =s 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches.
Gallon =3 231 cubic inches. Mile ss 1760 yards. Pound =& 7000 grains. Yard := 36 inches.
N
81
PERTICA.
PFUNB.
,....
tOOAUTY.
C«ABACI«R.
^AIUB.
p -.
Pfoeentia
,lnri™( floDuini
superGciBl
0,1886 acres.
0,0022
0,32355 yarda.
0,25966 bushels.
46,94 grains.
0,06133 gaUoiiH.
0,652^ acres.
„
p™- -J
diy capacity. . .
weight
liquid cupttdty
''Iffl't.
Peao
DmnoKiu
Batalma
Pedloon
Aix-la-Cla^U!. .
14,33
7,73
15,68
H,76
14,07
14.07
ifi.as
14,60
15,07
14,60
14,08
14,61
16,33
16,37
14,38
14,60
18,61
17,09
bgol;rin«1810..-
ftmnarnoi
Bad^
B„«
ft;™,..
„
" COmfBCTCUjJ
namln-rg
Hail Dannitadt.
„
oWmnuu™
OldaJm
fcs™l,-rineel8l6...
"
liquid cspedty
mpnrficiol
0,0445 gallona.
43,6 acres.
1,050747 poifcdB.
1,029703
1,026549 "
1,041943
1,234677 "
0,996
1,10S369 ■■
0,788811 "
1,079232 "
OntMT*
^
A«.tHa, gmtriOs
..
"
A^™ = 4S40=qmireFiircis. flushel ^SlSOi^ cuW
Inc&en. Cubic (bol
ou>id=70(»gmira.
= 17SS«biei>ic[iM.
Vttrf = 36iiMh«.
for gold and tOvrr..
for gold and ri
apoVitcary
Oermany, gm'j.. ■
GoOm
Nambarg...
ffaitDaniuladt. ■
Solium
SSnigritrrg...
Oldenbwg.^.
0309470 pounds.
1,234666
0,793705
0,773a94
0,788341
1.146710
1,113383
1,06T6M
1,031310
1,102369
1,067976
1,033940
PPCND.
PIC.
»*»..
LOCAL. TT.
CA.AOT...
»ALD«.
1,031180 pounda.
1,263
1,130462 '•
1^1414 "
1,033131 "
1,267654 "
1,014190 "
1,234677 "
1,030598 "
1,031114 ■'
0.798618 "
1,165143 "
1,035683 "
339,67
362,71
337,33
320,41
336,82
6,03 grains.
122,49933 gsllotifl.
118,62876
0,74990 jarda.
0,73961 '■
0,61244 "
0,73272 "
0,69237 "
0,62494 •'
0,74039 "
0,84372 "
0.69694 •■
0,73173 "
0.70854
0,63704 "
0,76019 "
0,50018
0,72289 "
0.76019 "
0,69472
0.82669 "
0,73022 "
■ ""-««"
"
,
'^^
Pfu
Phe
Pib
Pic
NOrrhenr
in
flnwuTjb.
liqnid opadly
oldmtann
'"'K*
Jlria
K»r
r„i^
'""•"^
Ctexlu.
Ztnnuunu
"
'or coUam and vwoUcni. .
Polra.
)U«I«
dmiuii ^931 cubic Incnm.
iiher^aisci,e«uiik
Hil^^lTWynrd..
PouBil^TOXltninii.
= 17» cubic inchcfc
VMd = 36 1ncJi(».
fl4
PIC.
Pit.
»*«..
lOCAL.TT. j CHA.ACTft.
VAT.U..
IVvoHm-i/Hiu.
0,60123 yards.
0.52861 "
0,73591 "
0,51729 ■■
0,68976 "
0,023333 pounds.
0,94 grain..
0,023866 pounds.
0,039610 "
0,029ICT "
0,031250
0,182321 "
0,04198 bmhplj.
0/»647
0,09129
0.06080 ••
0,07196
0,05383
0,09192
0,28106 ju-ds,
0,30906 "
0,30110 "
0,30903 "
0,30914 "
0,33067 "
0,39086 ■•
0,41589 "
0,51511 '■
0,32078 "
0,62933 ■•
0,52524 "
0,44167
0,69960 "
0,66186 "
0,32458 "
0,3E3I!4 "
0,49797 "
0,64614 "
0.31019 "
0,61068 "
0,47593 •■
0,43362 "
•m™.
^"
f H
f tOk
Pice
w'igft.
:: :;::::::;:::;:::::::;.
PicAUn
dryc.p«rfty...
" o«m««ir«;/(B-»A«rf
■'
,
"
l"Si»
HommaandJIfct
.1
MTWSFOr
f 1
o™
'■ orcMbett'
" r d
_^ **
..
,,
iucra
_, ■
■ Jlito*.'
GBlInn ^t»l ciihk inches
sheJ = B150,«! cubic Inches. Cubic Ihn
MUe=176nyBrr)>. Pound = 7(W0 piiin>
^ 1798 cubic Incho.
Tar<l = 3S Indies.
85
pre.
PIWT,
»A«,.
""■■"'■ 1 ■="*""«"•■
0,67202 yoRla.
0,38736 "
0,69507 ■'
0,61390 "
0,63933 "
0,68061 '■
0,3m8 •'
0,62SS6 "
0,37488 '■
0J«187 ■'
0,44792 "
0,3S031
0,37992 "
0,37603 '■
0,39036 ■'
0,27133 "
0,32294 ■'
0,27108 "
0,39014 "
0,30166 "
0,36222 <■
0,37294 '■
0,36526 "
0,36461 <•
0,390ffT "
0,63360 ■'
0,37889 "
0,32090 ■■
0,32330 "
0,32010 "
0,31307 "
0,37466 "
0,32664 ■•
0,29366 "
17,41864 buBhel>.
0,634406 poonda.
0.16016 e>llaDB.
0,16008
0,16260
0,44764 "
0,126
0,01613 bnriielg.
„
PaA,ji
'■ tarwwm'
Parma
s"
Pt^-^r
„
"
TWn.
„
"—
„
Ai^«^Procmet
..
..
„ „
..
.1
" duRoi.-fiOlSlS
Frana. gmeraity
..
" ofS.Hul«rt;6«i<to-.'
I^S'
LiJtfiM
..
dry capacity...
Malaem.
Uquid capadly
" iipptrial
United Stala. . . .
*lB]lon = 931 cubic InohaL
li«l=aiM,49 cable incb«. Cubic foo
Mile = iTflO yiinlJ. Poond = TOM puiiu
= n« cubic iodui.
Twl=3fliiich«.
80
PINT.
PIPA.
!,*»<«.
LOOil.tT.
4;HAaAC^SS.
VALU«.
&.glondflndE7.«.
dry capacity....
liquid capacity
0/)IS5fl bushcla.
0,J65m ffallotu.
0,36420
0,39217
0,41692
0,26419
0,41340
0,02838 buahela.
0,18149 galloui.
0,17890
0,17176
0,25
0,16903
0,13209
0,18136
0,24603
0,26138
0,01892 buahela.
0,01948
0,60442 gaUoaa.
0,08771
0,25370
0,7790 acree.
121,522 golloiu.
134,88660
1S7.3418J
135,6
116,10236
112,8512
120.
136.
113,61298
110.
106,576
162,0294
138.
113,23729
132,0890
116,1021B
'
". :::".:::::::::::;;:::::
;; «»"'-»*'
■• UDdSard-a
Turin
..
dry opacity. . .
liquid capacity
_, r.
„ ■'
/WncAfT-fodiu
„
■' oldUgalmtrmrt
—
dry capacity...
Bnlumia
Uquid capacity
" ^Piii^h.. ;■■■
Bop^rficial
liquid capacity
Atieanl
'^f
Rarrrlniui
GO^Iar
LMm
" L ndon euagt
MaJrir
^Lmo
'• f M
Spam, «B«™ns.
" f oa
C»tlott=^ cubic inqhM. Mile = 1760 yard.. Potmi = TUqO grain.. Yanl-M incbei. ]
Saedm, stntraas I
' or Piece i for brandg ..
* for brandy- .--..-.-.-
England..
Plank
Retliroa; Olyn^..
PogBDlUt i old 111
PointOQ
Pole, or Perch...
CAuUra....
famt
Pollcgada
Polanic ,
id f^ BraboTU. . .
Troy
Datttxii!
Sanib. and Ht
mtiigd)eg...
. dry capacity .- .
. liquid capacity
biubele.
117,194Sg
164,84707
1SG,S0544
134,63913
10S,B9419
4,44196
81,67327
TbuIouM. .
En^and..
. dry capacity.. .
r liquid cBpacity
Ltmeraty
Biiper5ciai.....
. drycapaclty...
. liquid capacity
CaUml....
Madnu , . ,
, dcy c^Aoity . .
lymxmcort, . ■
Portugal
. ieugOi
, dry capacity - .
S poundB.
I gallaus.
1,70410 bual
1,61619 >
0,075536 poimda.
0,35571*
0,078120 "
0,080947 "
0,075857 "
0,164510 "
1,0837 inch™.
0,86177 bushels,
=4M0 tqubre yuUi.
POND.
POUND.
BA«..
wcAL.rr. 1 CA.ior.H.
VALD..
Pond ; NtOurlandic ! octuoJ.
^
2,204737 pounds.
0,813826 ••
0,S36776 ■'
0,72^97 ■■
0,0090 Inches.
0,24^2 g»llon<i.
0,0667 acr«.
0,6672
1,1115
0,^497
0,03073 i^lons.
0,36293
0,57169
0,35730
0.343e0
0,5
0,24990
0,33806
0.62336
0,346oa
0,36344
0,27778
0,30692
0,62836
0,50307
0,49306
0,42917
0,35664
9,18475
0,10505
0,35678
0,23931
0,95520
0.60030
0,S
0,06447 bvuhel..
0,06350
l,0&tS inches.
1,1271
0,2991 «««.
0,7T7778 pounds.
P^taffol
OitaiimJB
Porrtnu.
liquid tttpttcily
auporficittl
G<iu»
" nU
P««ra " Pan.
France, gmerally.
Uquiil capocUy
Froth W. hidia
„
„
,.
„
L tufrur
„
MidOoAur
■' ' Id
*
" legal
dry ci^^udty. . ,
•• oMmttuwf
P"""
Pound ; Tower or old .ta-Kng
£VwI«Hi6{f.l596
Ac™=4840«iiiBrt yurds. Bu
ihel ^Sl.W.ta ruble inchn. Cubic ftxi
HUD = 1760 )'>rd>. Founds 7000 imUn.
^liaScubirinrhM.
Paiimi; Troy
' apolhnary
Tros
oldTron
Glaigoui Trm..
mint or Troy .. .
Pou3 ; Macedonia,
Oli/mpit, , .
PhOttairit.
Pythian. . .
. Uniild SfnEn
, ATidenl Grttlu . ,
0,3S593 Tarda.
0.337 U "
0,33592 "
0,27009
O.J4333
0.150943 [nnndi.
0,4S86S yarda.
Pud ; legal
Fuddalum
Puddy
Pugon
Pulg'B.da
Ugalfor Si
PuUBb ; minunum .
Punko 1 for gold and li
Funkti tfgal
. dry cspacitj...
. dry capacity . .
- length
. OuUlIi
. Valfneia . , ,
. E. Indiei ; Biliary weiffbt. . .
..„.Sicimd'rbd ..
0,031 g'raiiu.
0,35370 bUBhelB.
36,06761 poiL
. 13S,S3701 poundB.
12,161134
B,61i22T
. . EHgland . .
. Suwdm . . .
. liquid capacily
weight
Punl. . . ,
" orl
Punto...
' Ugal
' for gold and riJwr . .
Quadrageaaia , .
Quadrana
Quadrintal . . . .
Quadrato
QuadrtLseis
Quan
Qulrtli . ,
Quajdecli/orieAo/eoii; n
Quut; aUmntmre
Itgal...
IVmchaleri be/. If
aldmtaturt
Genoa and Turin ■ .
MOan
^iidntl Konumt ,
. liquid capacity
. mperlicial
"eight
29,B7oS36 ■'
0,180174
6,S410 gallons,
0^13 Bcrcfl.
9 pounde.
«,7B0
t8,Hai3
0,13343
0,300n
0,07045
0,30244
0,89527
0,18650
0.09229
0,00709
0,13416
0,03125
. MUo = J7B0 fante. I
QUARTA.
QUARTERA.
NAMS.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTXB.
VALUE.
Quarta; /or oti...
•• for iwfU
(C
cc
«<
Quartal; /or oil.
Quartana
Quartane
QuartariuB ,
(C
Quartaro
(C
mtan.
Quartardlo. . .
C(
<(
((
Quartarudla.
«
Quartaut; mean
*' M meaaure,
" fortalt
Quarte
" for coal
((
Quarteel ; for whale oil.
Quartel ; aid fMoture . .
tegal
Quarter ; diawted. . . .
" imperiai. . .
" Winchester.
Quartera
«
Barcdona
Majorca
Ferrara
Lisbon
Rome
Rovigo
Saragossa
Spaint generally, .
Rome
MoniptUier
Sardinia
Qravb^dien . . . .
Ancient Romans
«>»<
Milan
'»>"
Sicily, . .
Bologna.
'»»'
Parma
Venice
Padua
Vicenxa, . . .
Burgundy ..
Champagne.
Paris
Nantes
Liige and Namur
Paris
MontpeUier
HanA*gBXid Hoist
Augsburg
Bavaria
RaHsbon
England
>»»"
and U.S.
Sweden
Barcelona
Majorca
Minorca
Baredona
liquid capacity
•>»"
dry capacity. . .
. . . . . »ff ........
•»»"
•»>•
length.
>>»<
superficial ,
liquid capacity
•»'
dry capacity . .
liquid capacity
dry capacity .. .
•*»<
liquid capacity
">t'
•>>'
dry capacity . . .
'»»<
• »>•
»*•
• >»
liquid capacity
'»>'
■»>•
weig>ht
dry capacity... .
'»»'
superficial ....
liquid capacity
• >•"
'»*'
■»»'
weight
dry capacity .. .
'»»
liquid capacity
dry capacity... ,
•>»'
'»»'
liquid capacity
0,06789
0,27681
0,22201
0,09592
2,06873
0,23506
7,5888
8,2188
1,1414
2,44636
1,10955
0,21244
0,03563
0,00383
0,12972
1,66326
1,36435
5,19045
0,27130
0,09111
0,14777
0,20564
0,04799
26,85810
23,87191
17,71446
43,168760
0,21784
0,09229
0,0875
61,20741
0,09431
0,07060
0,05503
28.
8,25212
8.
0,08636
2,01484
2,04237
2,15673
0,98125
gallons.
<c
bushels.
inches.
«
acres.
gallons.
it
bushels.
gallons.
bushels.
it
gallons.
«
bushels.
((
cc
cc
tt
gallons.
cc
tt
pounds,
bushels.
cc
acres,
gallons.
cc
tt
tt
pounds.
bushels.
tt
gallons.
bushels.
tt
tt
gallons.
Acre = 4840 sqaare yards. Bushel = 3150,43 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon = 331 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound =:: 7000 grains.
~92
= 1728 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 inches.
QUARTERfiE.
<iTJABTILLO.
.....
.O-^Al.TV.
<:t,*UACT«U.
Qu
'^'^
supu-ecial
IrtOOe aci™.
1,2615
0.6065
0,6003
0,269606 poundB.
0,103 gallons.
0,53651
0,09341
0,22662 fausbe!..
0,26633 gallDiu.
i.ioar*
0,00974 buahela.
0,23911 ^llons.
0,21260
0,03093
0,23842
0,25599
0,34734
0.26206
0.36310 buabelB.
2.34119
0.28378 "
0.4072 acre*.
2,5240
1,32099 gatlona.
0,15409 biuhels.
0,(H536 gallons.
2,39456 boBhels.
0,32643
0,091(M gallona.
0.13307
0,016063 pound*
0,24331 gallona.
0,15611
0,0331 acre.
Yuri^SejnrhM.
'
Quartern ; old mtamrt
England
liquid rapadty
rteron;oI<Im««««
fVoM*
liquid «f«city
oldmtm«ri....
for oil
d-ycpKlty...
*»..!/"•«
liquid opacity
ftuartidno
dry capacity .. ■
liquid capacity
BruMiDJc
DTMdni
BI -urn
dry capacity...
■uon..-
anperficial
Qi'
U™
Sordima
liquid cnpacity
dry capacity...
liquid capacity
dry capacity.,,.
^
Ha.
t- h
Qu
Q.L
Qui
rfcre
iw™
t«io»
liquid capacity
weight.
liquid capacity
Aw
.
auperficifll
Arm = 4840 iiqunre Jain. B
' auiion^93lciibiclnche3. 1
i.h(i=ai50,iacubi<
inchn. CMC »h<H
bund = TOOa gnlni
qWARTIN.
QUENTCHEN.
.....
■.OCA.IT,.
OHA«.OT£..
VAL.J..
Majorca
liquid capacity
7.in81 galloni.
1,79195
0,10335
0,11101 biBhcLi.
O.OOSII
0,US499
0,39160
0,34686
0,17283
0,42Sai
0.09693
0,61636
0,69103
0,27125
4.27(S6 pdJoQS.
0,16716
0,13377
0.07313 . "
0,03390
0,27739
0.07623
0.09494 bushels.
0.01CS0
0.17332 gallons.
0.00S775 pounde.
„
dry opacily...
Qunrlo
'•
f-IonmeeuidPua
„
„
„
„
.,
"
„
liquid capacity
., ..
Qtuu-lQcciui«Mni/6
..
dry capacity....
„
liquid capacKj
Tuiraay
Baireuth
(^ucnl; oldmamrt
^
0,008784
0,008219
0,008861
0,009646
0,009102
0,008612
0,009646
0,008586
0,007047
0,008052
0.0087O1
0,009105
0.008343
0,008433
for otdmdtilBir
,.
Trialt^ VitHTUi
„
B
Acre ^ 4840 !«)UArf yiids. Bu
Gallffli ^931 cubic inchu.
nile = 1T6ayardi.
inchea. Cubic foo
Pound = 7M0enin!-
= 173a «ubic inch
«.
QtllNTALE.
.. HoUlein
.. Libau
. . Mtetlmierg
.. OldaJnirg
.. iVertembtrg
, . Aix-la- Chaptai. ,
. . Burgtrndt/ ,
. . C^tmpagnt. .
n. Parit ,
.uililc;/Dr;
/or
- LUbon and Rio- .
. Rio Janeiro ,
. Ancient Romanit.
dry capacity . .
aght
. CmUUe and OUIi .
11,433944
11,6097
>B,4iies
. Majorca . . .
. MartfilUa , -
I9,9&39T
H,794247
I9,93ta22
ftm grouo; old mea.
Valencia.,
Modena. ..
11,937533
)9,iaS476
r5,oosia3
QCINTALE.
RINGIT.
KA«..
.OCAWTY.
C«*»ACTBB.
VAtC.
weieW
66,5866 poondi.
0,006059 "
0,008601 "
0,0(>S5M ■'
0,0tn32S "
0,006959 ■'
0,009789 ■'
0,0(»663 "
9,9S9 graina.
303.167 pounds.
0,0(W13 bushels.
1,621 gmins.
0,1W922 bushebi.
6,04064 "
0.85134
4.S567
1,4785
1,1 ITS acr«.
0,60073 yards.
0,60033 "
0.65552 "
1 ,026 pounds.
0,999964 "
1,2509 bushels.
1,4139
a,25%S
0,060263 pounds.
G.63728 bushels.
4,45819
86,5-26 cub. feet.
4,16669 bushek.
3.11625
0,056 grains.
0,066
0.05606 gallons.
0.00592 bushels.
0,060762 pounds.
Sniimou!
„
.
.,
,.
ftuinUein
" •*"-««-
■ ■le
Bacronjmam
Rnckn J ; /or goW ond ri/HT, .
dry capacity .. .
wciffhl
dry capacity.,.
Sumorra
Caleatla
RaaiGre; maximum; Tbumon
Prana; DinJark
jj
gth
C-gHoH
„
JV
JUulul; /or pjppfr; meon...
IVanancorj
dry capacity...
Ruze ; old mcature ; mean. .
Raxiere; for gTain
Rftd; for gold and, avtr....
^
fiul/tulin
weight
dry capacity... .
KMb
flrBMn
Sardinia
AUaet i-Larraine
o*-?™
dry capacity....
RichtpCenmg-.goldmdiibHr
""ffbt
H""?"^
liquid opacity
dry capacity....
Rlagil-, for sold imdnlwr.. .
SwMlro
A™=«4B«,u«rej™l.. B
»li*l='SlsO,« cub.
llHrhU. CltbjC fix.
= lK8enl.fcincbM.
RITTERMAESS BOCPZLL.
B*«I. 1 l*e*..T». 1 CH^l^CTl*.
Sotottum
drycupacity...
0,51506 biuhela.
0,08653 yard*.
6,5
0,26 K.rci.
3,43205 yards.
4,02427 "
4,11889 "
10,93633 ■'
S,38N6 miles.
0.3177 »c™.
6.66667 yardi.
0,0626 gallons.
0,00769
0,68788 pounds.
1,203963 "
1,096714 "
1,364458 "
2,03167
1,019531 "
0,960312 "
0.9537aa '■
0,366016 "
1,748047 "
1,701139 ■'
1.112096 '■
1.091547 "
6,0642S
4,73293
4,22023
(,9375
1,15369 "
0.92794
1,9645
1,925569 •■
1,750518 "
1.26662
4,0067
4,90656
1.403
0,70309 buaheli.
£:nffIamJandr;.S.
superfioiBl
ZtcnmorJi
ItoencDg
Siam
Scotland
England
Fmch IV. InduM
-uperficial
jj
liquid capBcily
weight
" alUais/iirtpica
" feuddii gold and «h>tr
Bit-dfald
G«iata
kit
IVipo(ii»4friw.
pcUim
"
c™«.
..
OantlaniiiuiTit!
11
ft,
Acre ^ 4840 fquarEjardi. Bushel ^ S1Sn,4a cuble InFllsi. Cviir. t<io
OnJIdn =^331 cubic tnehu. MIK ^ net) inrrii. fnupd ^ TUOO pains
= 17% «ubi<^ iach«.
YBrd^:36inqhe!<.
97
RUBBIATKLLA
HUTHE.
t.Al.«.
LOCALITT. 1 CH.*»ACT«B. TALOX. 1
dry opacity...
4,17763 biuLsU.
7,97432
7,77671
8,3
8,35525 ■'
2,48037 galhuE.
17,461517 pound..
19,325307
17,396476 "
48,0688
22,04737 "
18,387506 ••
17,174901 "
17,990664 ■■
17,637669
20,327676 ■'
83.0«37
4,6666 acres.
19 galloDB.
0,035714 pouDdB.
0,033333
0,024966 "
19,107721 '■
4,93410 yards.
3,38090 "
3,33052 "
3,19187
3,30717 ■'
5,06040 "
4,9<IM8 "
5,09533 ■'
6,03->78 "
4,70631 "
4,953S3 "
3.09783 "
3,89074 '■
3,20717 "
4.40368 "
5,03278 •'
6,01304 •■
,.
„
,,
liquid op«l^
""isht.
,.
.. '™*™
■■ /-■»«; ^««-ur...
„
.
VeniL Lombardy
Boperficial
liquid cpacily
Rundlel or Suolet; /or »iw
England
E.I»diaiMadra,
"
R tl^- oU
Aix-la-ChapOt..
t'^g'i'
.. '
.,
" to oi.
Bruratme
,.
Pnmkfort
„
GMlDD^aaicubK JDCbH. Mile = 1?<U rixdl. Pound ^ TODO (tBlDL Yaid^SeincbH.
RUTHE.
SAC.
^*«K.
LOCAL.T-r. |<:b*b*ct.b.
y^LDX.
HanOBtr
4,36323
6,04759
3,28090
4,94595
5,0«fig4
6,398SS
5,03773
6,09198
6,46817
6,31560
3,9efcSfl
e,48341
5,83507
5,11172
4,68835
4,72378
3,20718
4,98618
3,16280
8,45707
G,934U
3,13315
6.01304
8,14860
4,11889
3.29598
2.267 gn
2,825
1,25
16.
dim.
"
„
t^"
"
tsire
" oldnuatun
PrMiio
Saxony
„
. ...
.,
HuttM;yoU.*fc.;m™qf8.,
EailLuliti
dry cBpacity...
dry capacity
1,36215 buBbela.
0,5432 miles.
6,89666 buBhelB.
3,58754 ■■
4,36670
3,01796
2,77594
Sttbbath-day journey
Ancitni HebroBS.
„
Qntrlrav
■■maiimum
•■ mtoimum
'■ of 3S
Acre = 4840 tquan-ynrdi, B
Gallon =331 eaWcJiii^hai.
»h=l=filS0,49euliic1nch«. Cuhu: fhg
Mile = 1760 ytinli. Pdund = TDUO ^iia
=;™j^'';;^^"-
99
' ^^vv^^
SAC.
SAOtJlO.
..»..
10..i..t,.
CRA.ACT...
V*.0«.
dry capacity. . .
3,99780 boshels.
2,20403
3,83106
3,46860 "
6,90642
0,73830
5,99872
3,83103
1,3336 BCrra.
2,71861 buehelB.
4.70129
3,03645
3.07462
2,07462
1,47140
2,08720
4,15104 "
3,60401
3,40636
3,38693
3,830n
2,46321
3,26350 "
3,256
3,07060
2,33410 yards.
6,98776 bosheU.
3,97806
28,378
3,09465
3,43438
5,98776
2.96322 ..
215. pound,.
364
2,75778 buBhrfa.
0.60133 jards.
0,1965 acres.
4,33 ffraine.
0,010033 pounds.
..
Floraiet
•■P-rtkUl
dry capacity
Sacco
. "
B(r
CVl!^^
FiortnMBndPiia
• t dlomiat
.. ^
/uem
„
„
"
■
"
dry cttpitoily
..
floni
" cool Wri-
C nlA-
„
■■ for Mi«K i naSere
Gr«nodo
dry capacity...
Sadon
8Bga;/«-froW<».d«J«r.,..
BUperficial
™g!>t
MoJoe™
A«e=.4B40 squani ysnts. B
Csllon^SSlciihicincHe..
shel =3150,49 cubb
Mi[« = 1760 ysrite.
inth«. f,Mc Ihn
= l7!3™l.icinch«.
Yiii<l = 3eiiiclia<.
SA66IO.
SCHEFFEL.
NAME.
I
LOCALITY. I CHABACTEB.
VALUE.
Saggio ; peto groito.
'* toUiU
Saha or Zah
Sahm ; for ehareoal,
Salma
" mean
" foroU; mean,
** forvfine ** .
«
" rasa
*' colma; (heaped J
it
' groMO
Salmde; old meaaure; mean.
Saltus
Salup
Sa6
ti
Sat
Sataro
Satin ; <dd measure
Saum
" forsted
" lauter-maee
*' Irttfat-moft
€t ^^ ^ ,.,,,.,..
«
Veniee.
'»»•
Tunie, . .
AuMtria..
Calabria
Nafiee..
weight.
dry capacity....
»»....•....
liquid capacity
'»!'
SieUy,...
Barcelona
Malta,,.,
tf
SieUy.
if
Languedoe
Ancient Roman*
Sumatra
An-nam
. . . .i). . .
Siam .. .
Bergamo
Bruseels.
Tyrol...,
Vienna..
Aarau
tt
tt
ft
" lauter-m€U»
" trifbee-ma$$
Schachtruthe ; for matonry. .
Schaf ; old measure
" for wheat, etc. loldm.
" for oate **
*' for Ume "
Schatz ; for vineyardt
Scheffel
«* legal
• •»»
Baed
Berne
Cfraub&ndten
Lucerne
8. GaU
Solothum...,
Zurich
'»»"
Pruesia,,
Augtiburg.
RaUAon .
'99'
'»»•
StTMhurg ,
Anhalt-Kbethen ,
Bavaria
•»»'
'9»>
'!»'
dry capacity . . .
'!»•
•»»•
>»»•
•»9
superficial.
'»»•
weight
length
superficial
dry capacity... .
'91'
weight.
•»9'
'»9'
'!»•
liquid capacity
99"
'f9'
•99'
*»•
'**<
»9'
<»9'
'99'
solid
dry capacity...
>»9'
'9»'
'91
superficial ....
dry capacity..
'99"
0,014622 pounds.
0,009248 *<
0,07812 bushels.
6,981 ««
80,49240 gallons.
40,27262 '<
42,16670 ««
22. "
8,18909 bushels.
8,22038 "
9,5
7,8
10.
1,6752
498,3475
2.
tt
tt
tt
acres.
pounds.
7,99325 yards.
0,0132 acres.
0,00837 bushels.
0,68740 «•
0,016111 pounds.
441,829296 "
339,536676 <*
308,669250 "
38,042 gallons.
41,08536
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
40,33767
44,14944
31,58910
45,65392
44,371
42,11473
43,39124
46,299
157,226 cub. feet.
5,83270 bushels.
16,64427 "
29,12746 "
6,24174 «*
0,0620 acres.
1.50289 bushels.
6,31002 "
Acre ss 4840 square yards. Bushel = 9150,42 cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon = 231 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound ^ 7000 grains.
ioi
= 1738 cubic inches.
Yard = 36 inches.
BCBEFFEL.
ScaE^BL.
WAf*. 1 1.0C4I.1T*.
eH«*0«..
VAlOk .
8cbeflel;«nMl,/Br «./.....
drj c&pBCit;. . .
7,36169 bUBhcIi.
1,55314
a.ioiBs
8,11416 "
8,66730
IO,«O064
1,46313
3,94860
9,47309
1,14060
2,98511
4.4Sa34 "
8,3
3,94860
1,35694 --
1,46643 "
1,00970
I,1!4G3 "
1,10360
0,65936
1,63S56 ■■
0,64710
1,51086
1,65970
a,l67S3
3,11416
1.46673
S.1841S *•
6,03919
a,OT631
1,0365 acre*.
0,4343
0.3146
0.4195 "
0,1717
0,3931
(,.3\m gralloM.
0,34760
0,30ai3
0,21305
0,73931 biubets.
0,38378
-«"-«"■
MmKuari.
y„™,
Hnm&ur
/oroatoBHltarfaS.
^
t^T
,■■■
w
■'
/«■««
Dltfnuonin
JV ftur
OUtrmann
Pnuiio
■ ""— "
uir
■^
«™iwg
i.'j7«
™jr
Bch
8ch
Bch
kit
liquid c«p<«:ity
1^
__
„
pBl;oIdm«»ur(.
drycnpacity...
O^lQn =33) ruble iMhM. Mll«= IMO )tu^i. I
Qu«t = 7WM6n.i"'
=1738 cubic iKhet
Yanl -= 3B inchoi.
llM
aCHIFFLAST,
SchiSIaat . . . .
Scsbiffpfuud . .
" fat tmOa, irwla't, ite.
lUF ; tvretgoTV ....
Schoimt 1 [unea'Coin] . ■
Scboppen
8cbo(t
A'amin-f
OMmburg
BmUxk
TttMUBOt..
. . 4124,72 pounda.
.. 3UB,911
. . 399,028479
. . 341,77
. 340,4114
. )41,99B0a
. 3U,726&6
. 331,2963
. 309,54508
. 399,05
. 341.77
, 3^,34
. dry opacity...
-4nlioerp
KBnigibtrg. . .
Atie'l Egj/ptia
. itinerary. , ,
, liquid capacity
FratJifort..
Priburg
Glarii
Him Cruid
HiHt DarmMiadU . .
Sdmffhauun..,
Dantzic.
solid
liquid capacity
iry capacity..
0,13309
0,11413
0,021433 pounde.
301 .4T cub. feel
1,44944 g^llona.
1,71620 yards.
0,03122 biuhelB.
0,S3305 yards.
SEER.
8ETIER.
Ni«..
LOCA.ITT.
IJHAftAOTSI.
ViL.,..
Beerj amuntrdai; mtanqf^i
" /crgr«tn;m™n 0/183
EatI India
1,049423 pounda.
3, in
o,i5ua e&uoni.
0,18127
0,13343
0,11007
0.11007 "
0,0«9
4,23316 biubels.
0.0lffI8
0.01182
41,67668 yards.
37,28401 ••
47,06-207 "
0,360949 poiuidg.
0,12248 bushelB.
0,030079 pounds.
42,0385 yurda.
60,63M0 pounds.
0,421107 "
6,06323
0,026504 "
83,908488 "
1,36844 galloniL
0,42567 biMheb.
0,96951
0,4S476
0,14193
0,52230
0,63664
0,33463
1,9547 Bcrea.
1,3501
0,8441
0.3816 "
11,94719 galloiu.
10,69920
8,92951
8,04916
1,96927
9.22774
-dugiburg
liquid capacit?
„
mI":::,:::::
drycipicity...
.,
"
floAmia
8 lib S ■
JnatBl Rmuau .
dry capacity...
9bo
Sim
Beroonj/orromnj; nsn . .
liquid c.p«ily
dryospKity.,.
„
" ;:::;;::::;::::::::::
•nirHmim
liquid capacity
„
"
Acre ^4U» iqnDm yiidi. Bu
.hel=-9150*lenbi.
lis » 1780 y>H>. f
inch™. Cubic foo
DUBa^TOOOpsid..
Tud ^ 36 Incbei.
BETIES.
SIMMER.
Manb.
LOCAL.rr. IcHA.ACT...
VAID..
Thaloait 1 liquid cspacilj
Jbla dry capacity...
B^ma;Flartniu „
........../v™™'
13,30365 galioiu.
1,70868 buabeU.
1.09096
0.66SM
0^59S5
4.79fi88
1,47666
4,13411
0,44I2S
4.42982
8,86966
6,9064S
11.81388
6.16480
S.ai405
03480 Kre«.
43.313S29 pound..
4,331333
0.120316 "
0,14252 gnlloUB.
0,01631 bushels.
0.03185
a.07326 galioQS.
0,010027 pounds.
0,032086 "
160,
2,17733 buihek.
0.02177
0.13176 gallon,.
0.243 grains.
0,88243 buBheb.
0,015040 pounda.
0,614
0,61990 buabeli.
0,W769
8.924 gnioB.
3,03
0,3B47S buahda.
0,90809
0.79693
0,81407
0,39403
„
1
Kmwn
Tndm
"
" if Virmattdoit
LaFin.t(t
AndmtBotuuM.
weight
"
BeiUrius
liquid capacity
dry capacity .. ,
liquid capacity
"eiffhl
Seilflla
dry opacity . . .
liquid opacity
weisbt
dry capacity....
^ '.'
Big
dry capacity —
MUnb^r
^ght
dry opacity....
G»Uaii=S!3I cubic inch™.
.b.L=aiso,««bi=bicha. cuHicHwi
Ulle^lTeoyardi. Pounds TOCO iniDe
'l-aiJ = t«inclHi
/or colt ami barley.
far oatt oMd barttj). .
for eati aiul barit]/, .
Aatiral Qrttki.
tuter. . .
Bitarion
SkiLtpond
Skeppel
Skeppimd; btrg-viigt
nwMI-ioigi
" laeAjfm-irigt. , .
" «ipf»l(uU-uHEt...
" m k titai i t-viigt ■ ,
Bkieppe
for coal and lalt
-op-Zoom .. .
Awaad OriA:.
n Ifi...
(iuttu
Skoyclec
'• nnee]
SkrupQlow. . ■
S<all«
Bok,...
liquid capacitj
dry capacity..,.
Coptviiagtn
DtjBnark. ..
Eltinori, , ■
Cracow . . .
Poland. . .
aUcutla. . .
Solive i for himbrr ,- old m(0». Prance . . .
SolUgn ; for grain ' BeOary . . .
tolotnik; for gold and liietr.' Riutia
" forwiru Flormct , ,
. BOlid
weight...
7,6%13 e^lloos
14,07393 blulieiB.
a,a06
S,T3ia
a,524l9
3,12357
0,4S6I9 "
0,13117 "
7^9316
0,936 grsiiiB.
0,9S7SS4 pounda,
0,49349 biui
348,823363 pounds.
299,93089
463,470371
. 315,677251
374,9138
0,49349 busUcla.
0,60316
0,60484
0,6813 sen
, 363,37 pounds.
^ 352,76792
0,U1S644 "
0,018627
16,29S graina.
19,ail
2,3373 busheU.
0,63548 yards.
0,031SS
3,632 cub. Seel.
18.49-246 gftUoD
24,08459
19,26768
SOMA
NAM!
LOCALITY.
CHABACTKB.
STAJO.
VALUB
Soma.
(C
<* for rice; aid meature,. .
" tincelSOZ
Somme ; for lumber ; old mea.
SOmmer
" old meature
Sompay ; for gold and eileer
Sompi
Sou ; eeterlin; old meature . .
" qf the mini «*
Span
(«
Spann
Spanne; minert*.
«
«
Spannland,
Spint
cc
«(
it
«
SpithSma.
Stab
«c
t€
'* «tncel823
Stack qf firewood
Stadlon ; Ddfhie or Pyihian
PkUetairie
(Hffmpie
Stadium
Stajo
<c
SI
((
«
<c
«
<«
or Stara
or Staro
Bergamo
Breteia
MUan
Venit, Lombardy.
France
Coblentz
Cologne
Siam
Madagatcar
France
■M"
En^MidKTkdU.S*
MoMuUfoian
Sweden
Pruttia
Saxony
Sweden
Altona
Bremen, .........
Hamburg
Kiel
Mecklenburg
Ancient Greekt . .
Ancient Romant.
FranJtfort
Friburg
Leiptic
S. GaUandVaud
England
Ancient Greekt.,
•M<
'if
Ancient Romant,
Bergamo
Bologna
Cortica
Cremona
Florence and Pita
Leghorn
Lucca
ManJtua
MUan
dry capacity..
'!»•
'»f '
>ff '
solid
dry capacity..
>»»•
weig^ht.
■»»
■»»•
w
lengih
'»»•
dry capacity.,
leng^
'»»•
superficial. . . .
dry capacity.
'»»•
'»»'
■»»>
length.
'if
•>»'
>ii'
solid
itinerary.
'»»•
dry capacity.
'ti>
•»»'
•99
>i»'
•>»'
'»»•
4,6692
4,143
6,22506
2,8378
29,056
0,56773
0,50913
14.11
60.
0,040473
0,026982
9.
6,375
2,07856
10,2975
9,656
0,6066
0,18708
0,13137
0,18675
0,07010
0,06898
9,1029
8,7359
1,31236
1,16975
1,23646
1,31236
108.
0,0921
0,1316
0,1149
0,1149
0,58365
1,11583
4,25670
1,01215
0,69155
0,69155
0,68448
0,98840
0,51875
bushels.
«
<c
cub. feet.
bushels.
«
grains.
<«
t€
«<
inches.
««
bushels,
inches.
acres,
bushels.
«
<(
<c
inches.
<c
yards.
««
«
cub. feet.
miles.
tt
«t
bushels.
<c
«
cc
€1 .
Acre = 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,49 cubic inches. Cubic foot
GaUon r= 231 cubic inches. Mile == 1760 yaids. Pound =s 7000 grains.
108
= 1728 cubic inches.
Taid ss 36 inches.
STAJO.
STEiS.
«A1H,
LOCAi,ITT.
OHjLSAtiTla.
valux.
dry capacity.,.
1,99783 bu>bel>,
1,13613
0,82349
0,06980
1,33376
0.89333
1,2lB6t
1,69399
0,69637
l,0trT83
2,27026
0,76763
2,61633
0,1324 aciei.
73,14173 gallona.
63,83560
6,18104 yarda.
1,38856 biaheli.
0,35938
0,532-20
0,9802 acres.
0,2757
0,1255
0,09850
1,08696 buahela.
03S606
2,33041
0,86573
0,019253 poiindB.
8,2936 mil™.
6,!2505 B^on..
6,11456
32.060 cub. feet.
flS,157
6,12606 galloM.
5,19368
4,95338
8.708711 pounda.
31,3595
10,67975
■■ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
mc
.< "
_ ■
or^^taro
mtomra
liquid capacity
Bta-flto
Flomt*
liquid capacity
^ .
Stanpew ^^^^
-^lo
Cagiiari
dry capacity...
'
■upe^fi*^
Bote™; Tyol.
Sta
„
Bolxano
dry capacity....
or
""
Ancimt Grulu. .
wei^t
itinerary
liquid capacity
Slechkanac ; /or tiilale oS. . .
FrmVo'l
HaMtDanrutadt
_^
Suekan
^'"•^
liquid capacity
SIb™
'^ig*'
^JtoM
f ™i
Acre = 4840 Hiusre yudi. *
QiUlDo -^ a3l cubic inchn. I
uh-il ^ 2150,49 cnbic
ifilB^lTBOjudt F
vund.nWiiaiiu.
T.nl = 3»indi«.
lOS
BTEIN.
STONE.
:,A»t.
LOCAllTTT.
<=H*.AC«..
V-atuB.
'^""'"^
8,!936« pound*.
lI,aS3G8S "
32,685960 ■■
ai,981M
80.612
2a,€e596
34,0289*
32,64383
24,B10B06 "
ai,S6772
31,68688
92.e!811
ai .37488
84,6931
24,7448
21,18166
22,69
24,649944 "
29.40954
11,4311
34,694
0,62357 bushek.
39,993083 pounds.
36,3166 cub. feet.
0.8363 Kr«.
89.6434 bualusb.
0,03107
0.03688
0,34713 galloDS.
0,45333 "
0,60787
0,34053
0.34369 "
U. pounda.
12,8
17,420444 "
22,865778 "
82.499666 "
"
BmMn
jua
■• f«r«,sar.ri«.tU
ZtanUic
iDrridoi 4- i>vne
„ , .
■■ ■■
^
„
" M
_,
drycpacity...
st!^
/VntiM
iTormn
Stioro
Stock ; /or ooH and barfay. , .
B-'^S
drj cpecily... .
Omrlaiul
UquLd capacity
.•/or™«;o«™»«...
«
fi^l-™!
" /■ low
'
" Urar '■*
«nUa«il
■
CBH™ = ffll cubic iniha.
<ictiel=91S0,ficuU
HtlB-^llSOyiinla.
Founds TMOcnlDi
Yud^MinrtiH.
IlO
STOOP.
TAC.
«*«..
LOO^t.f*.
*a>»..««i..
-^""'"'^
liquid CBpuit;
0.64063 sallon..
0,76127
0,71660
0,77603
0,34511
0,03712 buahelfl.
0,J89S1 yards.
0,31497
0,32564
0,19690 buBh*!..
0,11751 gallone,
0,12062 "
0.10847
0,03931 inches.
0,0858
2,63618 biuheta.
0,76675
2. baaheb.
0,86103 gaUons.
0,99636 "
o.9sa
0,9389
0,96120
0,96369
1,03599
0,95644
0,98936
0,96£8S
303,13833
313,397
290,43516
4,96367 "
4,02458
2,10674
296.57189
0,85726
47,245 y«ds.
137,763 poundi.
0,23497 buehel..
1.9184 inchea.
- !^!!!!!!!'.'.!"!'..'.!y.
S»Him
Slop,
drjcspacily...
Owoup
•" .
lin«
diycapKity....
liquid capacity
8WB
irtm*
"
J^ogM
dry cspfccity... .
,,
flotonui
England
■uperficial
dry capacity...
liquid cap«eily
StrikBi/ormall.- oWm«a*ur«
^'"., ^^
„ ■^
^_
„
„
„
„
„
„
" /oraWM-Bifu....
". ;;;::::::::::::::::;:
s'^''-i
amiflMoura...
SmjurorSinurow; mvtyiag
weight
dry capacity. ,
Tftake1;oUmta«iH
**^^o?i^"":.^:th«"
el =ai5A,1S cubic
Mile =^ 170* yatdJ.
Inchct. CuWc Too
PouDil -^ 7000 griiini
l-ard^^aaiachei.
TAG.
TAU TSONG.
IVAMK.
LOCALITY.
CHABACTKB.
VALUB.
Tac; mercert*.
Tael or Tale. .
«
" for gold and jewelt.
«
*• mean qf 3 .
Cfl
«
*• meanqfl
Tagmatt
Taim
TalSnton
** PtolamHe
Xylic
(EgineHe
Atiie; before Solon.
«* after,.. .„..,
Eube^
TalSnto; actual fneature . . . .
Talie; Brabanter
*' oldmeature
An-nam
Aminn/na
BantoM; Java,. .
Batavia. . . .)>.. . .
Borneo
China 4* Sooioo I.
Japan
Malacca
Molucca I.
Siam
Singapore
Sumatra
Bolzano
ContUmUnople. . .
Pegu
Anc. BabyUmiani
Ane*t Egyptians.
lengih.
weight.
'»»•
«
«
€1
IS
€t
€t
maxunum
minimiwn
Tam
Tampang; /or tin
Tank
" for precioua etone* ,
((
«
" for precioue ttonee .
Tapbach
Tarrie
Tattamy
Taushi
« tsong
>»»<
Ancient Greeke
• »>■
»»»"
Ionian Idee
Antwerp
Bruetde
CharUroi
HaUe; BAgvum. .
Ghed
Lou»ain;Bdgium
fVaore
China
Malacca
Bombay
'»»'
•ff '
•»»•
•»»
•*»•
'*f«
superficial,
weight....
lengih....
weight....
•>»'
•!»•
•»»•
•»»•
•»»•
•>»•
•*t«
length
'»>■
'»*•
• ••»» •
Danjoar
Poonah
Swat
Ancient Hdrrewe.
Algiert
Japan
Onna
'»»■
weight.
•»*•
»f9'
•*!•
•I»"
•*»•
•**•
lengih
dry capacity...
lengih
dry capacity... .
liquid capacity
2,6678
0,066109
0,161094
0,064746
0,087771
0,083333
0,081779
0,084376
0,076941
0,067627
0,083333
0,086871
1,1029
3,09
6,4108
96,268296
67,764977
69,306973
96,268295
80,216246
67,764977
80,216246
100
1,7116
1,7124
1,6738
1,7963
1,6890
1,6733
1,6963
133,333333
1,366925
68,066
72
60.
191,667
68,304
2,8680
0,66296
2,07845
0,21773
1,31760
inches.
pounds.
«
(C
(«
«
«
acres.
grains.
inches.
pounds.
«
«f
f€
f€
t€
S€
inches.
«
«
C<
((
pounds.
«
grains.
€€■
t€
€S
«
inches.
bushels.
yards.
bushels.
gallons.
Acre =3 4840 square yards. Bushel = 2150,"^ cubic inches. Cubic foot
Gallon = S31 cubic inches. Mile = 1760 yards. Pound = 7000 grains.
= 17SS8 cubic inches.
Yard = 96 inches.
112
TAVOLA.
TOISE.
SA««.
LOCALITY.
C„An*CT«».
v..n..
Tb
/toi!,,-™an<iflO
superficUJ
0.00351 acres.
0,00105
0,0247
0,0067
0,0097 "
0,0094
0,00107 ■•
0.7617 boBlielB.
0,39843 yards.
0,30140 "
0,009688 pounds.
0,180474 "
1,81390 yards.
0,03563 galluDS.
0,00383 bushels.
0,038003 pounds.
44,93 grains,
0,3IG6 acres.
7,487 gmins.'-
0,63298 yards.
0,71051
0,05761 bushels.
6,40 grains.
0,033333 pounds.
0,016907 "
39,83804
14,60112
33,61926
677,9625 pounds.
0,35
69,1797 miles.
34,68114 gallons.
3,94460 bushels.
5.45 acres.
1,65473 yards.
2,73783 ■'
3.13145 "
3,71658 "
2,23769 "
„
TSvoHtB Africa
S-umofTfl
dry capacity. . .
Tc
^
ml
AndattEimant.
weight
■
T
T
AncUrUGrttkt..
liquid capacity
dry capacity....
wdght
.
ucn; RhenaAmntyardt.
Germany
Aucunt Gretkt . .
superficial
Tl
^
,
*
^^
THp^iHAfri^
dry capacity...
Tf
aJ
.
rco
Ei>glmdaJiSU.8.
liquid capacity
abnag! for grain
T-
T
"";■:;■;::::::::::::
itineniry
Swtand
Bfnmor*
liquid capacity
dry capacity . . .
,
.
Ar«^48«*(|Ua« yards. D
.h8l = 3160,43 tuhic
Hile = ITflO ysnli.
inches. CnMc Kio
Dui.d = J0OOgr«in.
= 1748 cuhic inrlieB.
Vwd-OTinche..
TONELADA.
Toiae ; epiieopal . .
q^ Ptrai old ttandard
Davphiny . . ,
" tarlhwork,*
Toiae- toise- pied ; aid nuaiuri
r^p
NfufchSld . .
Vaud
/Vance
,1812—1840..
Faud
Tola ; for gold, itc. maximwn
E.IndUnCalculla '
' for preciouM itonei. .
Tomin; for gold...
TomOlo ; ordinary , .
Ton ; for groin. . .
for Ume...
" for gin ! Aipping.
" dipping; mtataraaaii
■ drycapacity
China iLOd India,
Eaglat\d
Maryland
3,08313 yvdx.
S,13U5
S,«4304
l,i¥iaH
3,31963
3,18737
334204
3,27334
1,S337S
U. Slotar, genir'y
Portugal. . .
(Olid
liquid capacity
drycapacity,.. .
S,3S3 gtniiia
9,254
1,0397 inchei.
0,46613 buabcla.
0,60765
3.03986
41,54144 gallons
41,26*43
cub.ieet.
1T6E,6 pouadi.
237,27 eaUon
, MUB=IM»jBnl>.
TOUELADA.
TORNATURA.
GolAa.
HiaUmrg..,.
Hanoctr ...
HaMtm. . . .
Oldtrdmrg. . .
RotMk....
Hamburg ^HaM.
faraheal.cle...
far not*
iktpptng'; UtOtUKd.
TonncUiila ; Aipjiag..
Toolnm ; nun. Ttax,
liquid capacity
liquid capacitj
cuh. feet,
gallons.
eUlloD
KM..
LUm...
33^131
40,49740
30,61930
3,94766 1
3,36393
Gtmany, gtntr'y i
Hatnliiag...
Ingham
ROIM
I^eonji
Mtitina
SifracUM . . . . .
Eait India...
'oight
. drj capacit7 ..
liquid capacity
weight
, UqMd capacity
■upsrOclBl.. .
pounds,
cab. feet.
bushel*
pounds.
43,9S59 buBhela.
gallons.
. Mile = l?0<lyBnIa. 1
TRABUCCO.
UNCIA.
»A»E.
LOOALiTY.
*BA»ACT...
TAit...
t:r-;:::
length
3,44494 yard..
3.37123 "
0,03937 inchsB.
13.73 graina.
13,15
3,166691 pounda.
31,65691
0,340633 ■■
16345 graina.
33,69
46.792
0.43991 bufliieb.
3,966 graiia.
56 pounda.
0,32465 gallons.
0,719 bushels.
5.952U5
0,17975 "
1,4763 inches.
1,3125
0,000003 boahelg.
1,^1360
17,44147 gallons.
0.81S graina.
0,9714 inch™.
363. galloDi.
363,68831
4. yardfl.
33,15962 galloDB.
4,15713 buBhels.
1,2132 ar-fes.
1.— inches.
3.3625
1,1250
3,04633 bushola.
0,060158 pounds.
0,9707 inches.
/VonK, tin 1340 .
^lnci«a OxiioM.
"
"
^nciml Gnib
dry capacity...
w«irht
TraUken or Troyken
liquid capacity
drycapBcily..,.
PtKn
dry capacity.,.
liqaid capacity
BoiiJ^
Suwdm
0«to«I
len^ ■ '
Uquid capacity
«uma(ro
"
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
Bupcriicial
gth
AndtnlRtmum,..
dryCRp«Jty„..
Acni=4B« HfiOt yiwJj. tin
GullQn^aaitublcinthM.
lie = ITM'yudL
ound= 7000 (mint
Y.nl=36ind.™.
CNCIA.
UZAN.
«A«..
L«.A..T,. 1 cHi..«T>,. 1 ,*.,;«. 1
^neienJ Bomani.
supdrficiiJ....
weigh!
(1,0519 Bcrca.
Colli viktiudie-miet
0.064356
0,064786
0,064149
0,064097
0,077 nu
0,067152
0,071670
0,063691
0,056379
0,1)64413
O,0&t413
0,ne8so3
0,064875
0,066743
0,067466
0,066721
0,064559
0,064413
0,070a7U
0.066536
0,070S7fi
0,064571
0,064730
0,05 ISSO
0,06614-2
0,065694
D.OGGSOG
0,066741
0,065471
0,066750
0,065710
■■ /<.rpAla«l«fe.r.
Autbia, gmerally
.,
" old
..
BniMine
"
/«?•«
'.'■ ::':z^::::::::::z
,.
„
„
Biigwm
dry capacity...
liquid capacity
0,09747 buahbl*.
0,90745 gatloDs.
0,S9460
3,99049 "
3,43050
0,023218 poundii.
0.017669 "
0,069506 "
" "
"
■ h't
Guinta
Tripoli in Africa
O.ll0ii = a3l™bl,.inQh«i.
g|ivt = aiSO,«l ruble iDcbm. CiiMc Ibat ^ I'KS niblc inche*.
VAAW.
veiiRT.
»*««.
LOCALITT.
BHiKiCTajI.
V1LI,«.
knfflh.
a.05944 yards.
4,333333 ponndi.
1.1666ei ■■
B,63 grainB.
B.M
OJ314 nc-teB.
0,98974 yarda.
0,84318 "
0.91319 "
1,18873 ■•
0,92741 "
0,91319 "
0,92088 "
0,91319 "
0,9e709 "
1,19715 ■'
1,20300 "
0,78811 «
0,W741 •■
0,92687 "
1,20300 "
0,92741 "
0.99193 "
0,93637 "
30,561 cob. feet.
M.68 grains.
0,142
36,41780 gBUoM.
0,76315 bushels.
2204,74 pouDiTa.
42,567 huahcU.
241,67 gnllona.
23S,4S
40. cub. reel.
1,44415 bushels.
3,34648 ^loDB.
1,29420 bushela.
o,in&io "
"•fs*"
Val:/orp)ldo«i.i(«r....
Fmma
■uporaclol
■
' Of/irfoB
Om
' ^d-Huurf
To; >>!>
™t,-.
_ r"
V
S*
BtlSitwiandifci.
•■ mH.nqf23
Srfgiu™ and m.
liquid capacity
drycapucity...
' for grain ;M measure
dry capmiity...
liquid capacily
■■ /DrmM.ric,
drycapncity...
S.PiUtJ,»rg....
(Mmborg.
liquid capacity
dry capacity...
.
chrt
Ai:re^4Ml»,nam js>d>. B
OBllon '^Sn caw Inchea.
.hel = 9I5e,43 cubic
MilB = 1760jard..
inchu. Cubic (bol
•ound^mOKnini
~Vanl^%inch<w.
VIESLING.
[AntiBfrp . . .
Fd'z ^ Cognac , .
iig«i
Brtda
Prance ; /jion. . .
Terst....
VeraQra.,
Yiildra or Wlad«r. .
iering' ; iM nmuu
ierkSntebaader...
■iu'-lmg'
Venlaa...
Hildahtim...
rfamberg —
Bruiieh
Amiterdam. .
■ length
itinerary
BuperGcial
■«!ffbt
. liquid CHpscitf
'right
dry capacity
weight
■ dry capacity .. .
Augitiurg....
aiarii
Sfmnheim ..
Batition
. liquid capucity
4,2136fi
6,S(M04
6.21469
6,15777
6,70645
6,03771
0,01)654
0,5046 "
0,(«64a ^llona
0,3163 "
S5,I274 pounds.
3,73813 gallona
14,473943 poundi.
0,19733 bushela.
0,308699 pouoda.
0,259270
0,22112 buahslB.
0,18754
0,331080 pounda.
0,0247 ocrc«.
6,932 gcaina
0,21276 gallon
0,15976 bushels.
0,1970-2
1,01028
0.23774
VIERLING.
FIBRTEL.
SA«K.
LOCALITT. I CHA»*CTI«.
V..U..
dry eapacity.. .
0,14649 buibela.
0.16036 "
0,14665
0,13058
0,15732
0,14566
0,3336 acred.
0,2(H0
0,2246
0,22112 buehete.
0,07396 gBlloDs.
0,OS86S biiahcU.
0,70945
0,79033
0,78806
0,77614
1,91288 gaDona.
2,766^
0,07764
1,50275
1,91483
1,48393
1.40442
3,08273
2,04160
51,94268
1,89455
7,06086
2,30793
2.0J198
2,08920
2,09692
2,30661 "
1,S373S
2,06893
2,11343
47,70262
1,96326
„
Sekaatu and Un
,.
„
superficial
m
tn^Lud
Bnmntie
irurxburg
Rhni4h Bavaria.
dry capacity. . .
liquid capacity
dry capacity.. .
Tiermonchcn ; ouan
..
„
Mmtjr 4. JVMiOt
liquid capacitj
BraamU
„ -
..
,,
„
Grfluiflndfcn
■■
■' farbttr
" fortdntsoldmtamrt
" forb«T
^
tffl ■"
"
„
A'^re=-=4g40niUiKyiird<. B
H)i«L = aiM,« cubic IwhCT, Cubic (p™
MUe^lTHtyBrda. Fnuiid ^ TOM gniuB
^ IKS cable iwhei.
V«il = 36ipch*
VIEBTEL.
TIERTEL.
NA»..
I-OOAL.T..
VALD..
Uquid capacity
1 1
bcla.
■' riclWuu
■(ire™
"
" for mine and brandy..
" MAm*moM
" uinrmo..
„
„
..
drycapacily....
„
AlUma
.,
AvfoaO.
"
" oWmnuur*
..
„
" /«■ uAoiJ. «te
oZg^
..
.,
„
„
,.
Lt^L
„
„
Sehtneiti and Vn
,.
„
Acr^^4g4D><|uB»yiird>. £
Oalldn^aai cubic inchea.
sl,Bl = 3150,43 cubic
due = 1760 )'a>dit
Inchei- Cubic fool
ound^ 71100 grains
^-c'SlTi^ht
T
VIERTEL.
ViGi-lel; for vkati, th..
, . Zuridi irjcapacUy...
0,632e(l budiclt.
Tierleli
Tiertheil ; oM m
Vingerhoed ; Itgal.. .
TisBy
Voel
' Rhtnith..
. Hat DarwubMdt. .
. . Friburg . , , ,
. Bemr
. AveOna-g...
. . MotuJipatan . ,
■.P'S«
. . Pondidieni. . . .
. . TViduRopoli/, . .
, . Madras ■--....
, . Amilerdam
. . Brtda
, diy capacity .. .
, liquid capacity
0,1&M "
0,1M1
39,896 cub. bet.
0,00491 buHbe)
0,10316 gslloD
0.11037 "
0,04SST buabels.
o,fmn •
7.75611 '
0,T66a« <
03*059
Liquid capoicjtj
waight....
3,isisai
0,309&6 ;
0,34324
0,31073
0.31459
Voie;/arcAarcoat,- i
for ami
forpUaier....
forlin
Waeg';/or banp cool...
WasBj/ori™.
- Caiaiiog; Eon':
■ Siam
. . Dtamark 4* None
■ ■ AnlVMrp . . .
auperCcid . .
0,3234 ocrcB.
B,10193 yarde.
39,631 ponDda.
153.2668
149,9131 '
131,8814
46,3463
I """'"■ I
KQmbiTg... .
Abyuinia. ■
Btt-dfaki .
Jidda
fhionji
WEy;/w.M«; oUnuonin
Wigtje
WioBpel ; /or lime
Wiepel ; for grain
for toAcaf
for viheat and rye . .
for bttfleii and mfi.
. nUd
. superficial.,^
dry capacity. .
, dry capacity ..
. BUperScial...
, length
134fl1S6 pounds.
0,061323 •
{1,752-lTl)
. «5.I3T cub. feet.
Ancient Ontki..
1 ,6<naT bushels.
40. "
183. pounds.
6,14129 buihelB.
37,42136
34.66S80
41,60206
29,89110
44,82340
13,36336
85,3162(1 "
39,79136 ■'
70,7640
4,4.^02 iQchea.
4,8766
41,4866 BcrcB.
2,4SSti9 yarJe.
2,71111 "
1,3583 incbca.
D,14SS3 Billons.
0,01 5310
1,61715 yards.
ilfoRiIiiNtliin ..
Grtol Britain,!
UniUd Stala. .
England
China
. weight. . .
loDgtb...
nipcrRcud
. weight
, dry capacity , .
TIN.
ZOLL.
»A«..
LOCAL.TT.
cH*«Ac™.
v*t«».
-'"gl't
dry cBpacil; .. .
2,666667 pounda.
3,48373 busbclB.
36,0724 acres.
79,3560
6,1666
0,701604 pounds.
0,07812 bushels.
2,30034
3,44739
2.68564
333782
1,88006
0,9956 acres.
0,03357 buahela.
S,60M inches.
13,2»190 ptUone.
0,09170 "
28,0SS73
145.17104
42,56734 bushels,
2,08623
0,9622 inches.
0,947S •'
0,9261
0,9399
1,0297
1,0325
0,9717
1,1811
0.9992 ■'
0,9676
1,0937
1,0297
l,4S2a
0.9602
0,9724
0,94S8
1,1386
0.9362
0.9636
t'°
T r-d
'• tegatnnetlSOl
•d^t
drycnpacity....
"^
Znk, tUimanrt..
DoMbroU
'■ feral.
/mionMu
■upcrflcinl
dry cnpacily —
weight
I- Utal
Zei-elh
AneintHAnm.
liquid copscity
t
"' f brinl
HaUi
•■ U al
dry capacity .. ,
" f or lAarcoal or linu....
Aixia-OurpOit. .
•• b«ildfn'; oidmtanre.. .
^^ jtoMjori
" Rl Uh
•'
Ba«t
„
mmiA BavaHa-
" rinr. 1816; RbtiOth...
Bmw
BnAem'
„
.,
"
„
"
AfIB= 484(1 ,qtl«ify»nl.. Bu>l
G=lldn=:aaH^I.Hcinrh«.
*i =-2iai,« ..utile
Mil.=17M3«d,.
PDUDd^7IXK)r>'ii"^
= I7SH eulile inehu.
Y.rd = 3Sineh«.
ZOLL.
ZTTOJA.
NAME. j LOOAi.tV.
OHASACTR..
OA«"
gui
0,9413
0,9293
0,933S
1.41110
0.9628
0,9S43
0,9547
0,9437
0,9399
1,0297
0,9580
0.9437
0,8M3
1,0371
0,9259
1,1111
0,9446
0,9549
0,9622
0,9967
0,9707
1,037!
0,9251
1,1280
0.9843
„
„
" nnxwri-
Hau Darmitodt.
„
„
OldaibJ
"
SdMtilf
Heimar
,. ,„,.,_™.,.
S.PiUnlmTg....
0,009393 poimd*.
3,0S2DS erallom.
1.2892 Bc™.
liquid capacity
auperHcial
Osllnn^aaicuMclnrliei, Milp = ITMyanlB. Pdunil ^ TOM (minn. YbiH = M ini-hci.
WEIGHT iHi MEASURE
SYSTEMS
IN THE
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
The following Classification has been added to the Dictionary,
both as serving to indicate more fully its scope, as giving information
of a character which its form did not allow of being introduced there,
and as contributing to what has been an aim throughout and what both
mutually support — an intelligent brevity. In this last regard, several
Countries have been omitted from the Classification, which, in a more
magnificent plan, might have had just claim to enumeration ; and some-
times, denominations, and even classes of measures, have been left
out whenever the term itself was significant of the relations of the
measure, or whenever, in the absence of a legal determination, the
usages of the particular country allow the partial or indifferent employ-
ment of foreign terms or values. The reader will hardly fail to observe
and justify the application of these principles ; and in other respects
the text itself seems of such simplicity as to bear with it its own
explanation.
WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
I. AFRICA.
^^1^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ABYSSINIA.
Weights. — 1 rotl or rottolo « 12 wakea .= 120 dirhems.
Drt Capacity. — ^At Gk>ndar in the interior ; 1 ardeb = 10 madega.
At Masuah on the Red Sea ; 1 ardeb =: 24 madega.
The other measures are those of Cairo and Alexandria. There is no knowledge of
any local system.
ALGERIA.
Since the acquisition of this territory by France, the French metrical system is
legalized and may be expected gradually to come into use. As yet, however, the old
usances are retained.
Weights. — The theory appears to be as follows :
24 carob seed = 1 mitkal or metical, the weight for gold, etc.
8 mitkal = 1 wakea or ounce.
27 wakea = 1 rotl khebir or market pound.
18 wakea = 1 do. gheddari, for fruits.
16 wakea = 1 do. attari, for spices.
14^ wakea == 1 do. feuddi, for silver.
100 of each of these rotl = 1 quontar or cantaro corresponding.
The values of these denominations in the Dictionary are from reported observations ,
and fall below what would be derived otherwise by ascending from the actual Mitkal.
Liquid Capacity ; is measured by the Khoull^ and its fractions, ^, ^, i, etc.; as
Dry Capacity. ; by the Saa.
Length ; is measured by two different Pic, the Turkish and Arab ; the latter of
which is used for cloth. Each is subdivided by its Rob, or eighth part.
There are no itinerary or agrarian measures, indigenous.
CAPE OP GOOD HOPE (colony.)
English standards are legalized and used here.
The same may be said, it is supposed, of the British Colonies in Senegambia and at
Sierra Leone and the smaller establishments on the Gold Coast ; as well as of S.
Helena and their other Islands in the Atlantic. As for Mauritius on the other side of
the Continent, that retains still a considerable admixture of its former French usances.
11
130 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
CANARY ISLANDS.
In these Islands, the originals of the Weights and Measures are from Spain ; and
the variations of the actual standards, which (except in the case of the Vara) seem to
be in the sense of degradation, are not more than occur in continental Spain itself.
CAPE VERD ISLANDS.
This archipelago, as well as the continental territory under the same Goyemor-
Generalship, uses the Weights and Measures of Portugal. The same maj be said
of the Madeira Groupe under the same domination ; of the Portuguese possessions in
Angola and Benguela ; and of the colonies which dwell on the other Ocean, along the
Coasts of Sofali and Mozambique.
EGYPT.
The difference between the Weights and Measures actually used in Cairo and Alex-
andria, the principal markets of £^pt, is so small as to indicate a common original.
The great varietj^ which has been stated to exist among the Cantaros (or Gtuintals,)
according to the various articles intended to be weighed, is probably the result of care-
lessness or fraud : nor is it clear, as yet, whether this variety affects the hundred-weight
or the unitary pound. It may be supposed that the weights by which the articles of
greatest consumption — the necessaries of life>-<are determined, was the standard from
which accident or negligence has deviated.
Weight. — 1 cantaro s= 36 oke s 100 rotl =r 14400 drachma.
The Rotl does not appear to be systematically subdivided.
The Harsela, applied to weighing silk, is evidently the Oke, under a special name.
Drt Capacitt. — 1 ardeb = 24 rob.
Length. — 1 gasab = 4 derah.
The Turkish Pic is generally used for cloths ; it is very little longer than the Derah,
but not correlative.
Agrarian. — 400 square gasab = 1 feddan al risach, or unitary acre.
GUINEA.
Weight. — 1 benda s= 2 benda-offa == 3 eggeba s= 5i seron =s: 8 piso or uzan as
10 1 quinto = 16 aguirages = 32 media-tabla = 48 akey.
The last denomination, which is the special weight for gold-dust, is only theoreti-
cally connected here ; its actual value as reported is nearly a half-grain less than the
^^ of the Benda.
LIBERIA.
This Anglo-American negro Colony at Cape Mesurado, as well as the independent
one of Maryland at Cape Palmas, uses, it may be supposed, standards from the United
States,
MOROCCO.
All the dependencies of this Empire, along the Western Coast of Barbary, use the
Weights and Capacity-measures of Spain. There are several indigenous measures
of length given in the Dictionary ; but they are without uniformity.
AMERICA. 131
TRIPOLI.
In this appanage of the Turkish Empire, as well as in the dependencies of Fezzan
and Barca, the Weights and Measures appear to be of European derivation.
Weights.— 1 cantaro = 100 rotl = 1600 uzan = 12800 termini.
The Metical, a special weight for gold and silver, has no connection with the others ;
unless it be derived in theory from an ancient Rotl or pound of 13 Uzan or ounces.
The actual weight is reported as being exactly riir of the Venetian pound ; from
which it may have originated.
Liquid Capacity. — The Mataro for oil is given by gallons in the Dictionary ; from
its reported weight compared with the average specific gravity, at ordinary tempera-
tures, of that substance.
Dry Capacity. — 1 cafiso =s 20 tiberi.
TUNIS.
Weight. — 1 cantaro = 100 rotl = 1600 uzan = 12800 metical or termini.
In this system, where the same denominations appear to be lighter than the Tripoli-
tan, the Metical and Uzan are specific weights. ^
Liquid Capacity is determined by weight.
Dry Capacity. — 1 cafiso ^ 16 quiba = 192 saha or zah.
Length. — 1 pic (woollen) s= l-fV pic (silk) = lif pic (linen.)
But these last proportions appear altogether accidental.
In this enumeration, the remaining European settlements, viz., those of France on
opposite sides of the Continent in Senegambia and the Isle of Bourbon, and those
of Denmark and Holland in Guinea and Ashanti, have been omitted ; partly because the
Weights and Measures of the mother-countries would be naturally accepted among
the settlers, but chiefly because of the insignificance in population and trade of the
actual establishments. The insular appanages of the Imam of Muscat, (viz., Gtuiloa,
2janzibar, Socotra, etc.,) on the eeistern side of the Continent, are passed over for
similar reasons ; while the native Powers, from Morocco through and around to Mada-
gascar, are too uncivilized or too inaccessible, to have or to yield any thing of interest
in respect to Weights and Measures.
II. AMERICA
This Continent, for the present purpose, is best divided (instead of the usual distinc-
tions of North, Central and South,) into Independent and Colonial America.
BRAZIL.
In this Empire, the originals of Weights and Measures are from Portugal ; and tlie
actual standards are in general identical : though there are a few variations, both in
value and denomination, shewn in the Dictionary ,
132 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
HAYTI OR SAN DOMINGO.
This Island, which in the numerous revolutions of policy that it has undergone has
been recently modified from a Republic into a form more absolute and nominally an
Empire, retains the impress of its double colonization from Spain and France, as well
in the names of localities — on the western side French, on the eastern, Spanish — as
in the Weights and Measures used there.
MEXICO.
Under this Republic, as well as under the numerous governments which are contin-
ually shifting or springing up in the territories of Central and South America and
which it would require a special and co-temporaneous research to signalize and verify,
the Weights and Measures of Spain have been throughout and are still recognized ;
with only such local variations as other causes, besides the cessation of European con-
trol and intercourse with a parent power, might be expected naturally to produce. Of
course, this comprehensive field for the influence of the Spanish system does not in-
clude vast territories (such as Patagonia, for instance,) which, although claimed by
foreign or domestic powers, are yet in fact domineered over by various indigenous
tribes, more or less nomadic and uncivilized. Of systematic Weights and Measures
in those territories, there are none in modem times; and ancient ones (such as in
Mexico and Peru) which comparatively recent researches have partially systematized,
are designedly omitted, as neither certain nor of practical application, as yet.
UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.
Wbioht. — 1 Mint or troy pound = 12 ounces = 240 pennyweight =: 5760 grains.
1 apothecary pound = 12 ounces = 96 drachms = 288 scruples = 5760 grains.
1 commercial pound = 16 ounces = 256 drams =: 7000 grains.
1 long ton = 20 cwt. = 80 quarters ^ 2240 commercial pounds.
1 short ton = 20 hundred-weight = 2000 commercial pounds.
In tlie actual Grovernment-standards the ounce troy is divided decimally, down to the
■nriTir part.
These weights are identical with those of England. In both countries, they repose
in fact upon actually existing masses of metal (brass) which have been individually
declared by law to be the units of the system. In scientific theory, they are supposed
to rest upon a permanent and universal law of Nature — the gravitation of distilled
water at a certain temperature and under a certain atmospheric pressure. And in this
aspect, the origination is with the grains ; which must be such that 252,458 of these
units, in brass, will be in just equilibrium with a cubic inch of distilled water, when the
mercury stands at 30 inches in a barometer, and in a thermometer of Fahrenheit at 62
degrees both for the air and for the water. Unfortunately, the expoimders of this
theory in England, used only the generic term brass, and failed to define the specific
gravity of the metal to be employed : the consequence of this omission is to leave room
for an error of t Wffinr ^^ every attempt to reproduce or compare the results. This
is the minimum possible error : the mMcimum would be a function of the difiference in
specific gravity between the heaviest and lightest brass that can be cast.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 gallon = 2 half gallons = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 gills.
AMERICA. 133
The GUI is not among existing standards of public authority ; though it is used in
commerce. There are other denominations higher than the Ghdlon, such as barrels,
hogsheads, pipes, etc; but these are only veateh not meatwrea, and are always gauged
and sold by their actual capacity in gallons. The Gkdlon, in fact, is almost exactly
equivalent to a cylinder, 7 inches in diameter and 6 inches high. In theory, it must
contain just 231 cubic inches ; and, filled with distilled water at the temperature of
maximum density (say 39^,8 Fah.,) weighs, according to the official report, at tliat
temperature and at 30 inches of the barometer, 8,339 commercial or avoirdupois pounds ;
or more nearly 58372,1754 grains. It is in the temperature only that this unit differs
from the former wine-gallon of Great Britain.
The Apothecaries use the same gallon but divide it differently, as follows:
1 gallon ^ 8 pints = 128 fluid ouncasi = 1024 fluid drachms = 61440 minims (or
drops) =: 231 cubic inches.
These are graduated measures ; they also use sometimes the following approximate
ones from vessels in domestic use:
1 tea-cup ^ 2 wine glasses = 8 table-spoons = 32 tea-spoons = 4 fluid ounces.
Dry Capacity. — 1 bushel = 2 half-bushels = 4 pecks = 8 gallons.
There are also in this, as in the former measure, higher denominations (barrels,
sacks, etc.) known in commerce ; whose capacity is intended to be constant. They are,
however, always gauged by the Bushel. This Bushel is the old Winchester bushel of
England. In fact, it is a cylinder 18,5 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep. In theory,
it must contain 2150,42 cubic inches ; and holds of distilled water at the temperature
of maximum density and at 30 inches of the barometer, 77,6274 commercial or avoir-
dupois pounds ; or more nearly 543391,89 grains.
Length. — 1 yard =s 3 feet = 36 inches = 432 lines =s 5184 seconds =s 62208
thirds.
In the actual Government-standards, at the Custom-houses, the Yard is divided deci-
mally into tenths and hundredths.
In the measurement of cloths, muslins, linens, cotton, silk and in general of what are
termed dry goods, the Yard only is used ; subdivided into halves, quarters, eighths,
sixteenths and half-sixteenths. This lowest denomination = 1,125 inch.
Surveyors and Engineers employ neither the yard nor the inch ; but use the Foot and
its decimal divisions.
Architects and Artificers reckon by the Foot and subdivisions as given above.
Nevertheless, the most usual and most recent workman's scales bear the foot divided
into inches, and eighths and sixteenths of an inch.
Mariners measure by Cable-lengths and Fathoms :
1 cable-length = 120 fathoms = 240 yards = 720 feet.
The unit of length — ^the Yard, upon whose subdivisions all the weights and capacity
measures repose for verification — is, in fact, derived from ancient arbitrary standards
of England. In theory, the Inch — the -J^ of the Yard — is presumed to be contained
39,13929 times in the length of a pendulum that, in a vacuum and at the level of mid-
tide, under the latitude of London, vibrates seconds of mean time.
Itinerary. — 1 statute mile r= 2 half miles = 4 quarter miles = 7^ cable-lengths = 8
furlongs = 80 chains = 320 perches or poles = 880 fathoms = 1760 yards = 5280
feet = 8000 links = 63360 inches.
1 nautical league = 3 equatorial mile =: 3,457875 statute mile.
134
WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
Chains and Links are denominations employed by Land-surveyors, thus :
1 Chain = 4 Poles =: 66 feet = 100 links.
Agrarian and Superficial. — 1 square mile s=s 640 acres.
1 acre ==: 4 roods = 10 square chains = 160 square perches :» 4840 square
yards = 43560 square feet.
1 square yard = 9 square feet =: 1296 square inches.
Architects and Builders reckon 1 square s= 100 square feet.
Solid. — 1 cubic yard ^ 27 cubic feet s= 46656 cubic inches.
1 cubic foot = 12 reduced feet (plank measure) = 1728 cubic inches.
1 reduced foot (plank measure) as 1 square foot X 1 ^^h thick = 144
cubic inches.
In practice, all planks and scantlings, less than an Inch in thickness, are reckoned at
an Inch.
1 perch of masonry =: 1 perch (16^ feet) long X ^ ^''^^ ^^^ X ^1 ^^^ thick as 25
cubic feet.
In fact, the dimensions given for the Perch do not result in 25 cubic Feet ; but this
last number has been adopted for convenience.
1 cord of fire-wood = 8 feet long X 4 feet high X 4 feet deep ^ 128 cubic feet.
DANISH POSSESSIONS.
These include Greenland, Iceland, and three of the Leeward Islands in the West
Indies ; viz., Santa Cruz or S. Croix, S. Thomas and S. John. In all these, the
Weights and Measures of Denmark prevail ; though in the Islands, the English length-
measures are also used.
DUTCH POSSESSIONS.
Holland holds on the Continent of America, the government of Surinam, which
includes nominally a territory of something less than 40,000 square miles, under the
name of Dutch Guiana ; on the coast of Venezuela, the Islands of Cura9ao and Bonaire,
with some lesser islets ; and among the Leeward Antilles, S. Eustatius, the south
part of S. Martin, and Saba. In all these, the Weights and Measures of Holland pre-
vail ; except in Cura9ao, where the weights are, in fact, and the length-measures, both
in fact and name, those of Spain.
ENGLISH POSSESSIONS.
Over the immense territories of British North America, the Weights and Measures
of England are legalized ; but in Lower Canada, the French settlers still use their
former denominations to a great extent.
In the southern peninsula, where the general name of English Guiana covers the
former Dutch Colonies of Berbice, Demerara and Elssequibo, the reckoning is by the
Weights and Measures of Holland.
The settlements in Patagonia and the adjoining Archipelago, made chiefly with a
view to the whale-fishery, recognize the English standards. And as much may be said
for the Falkland Isles.
Of the numerous Islands and islets in the West Indies, among the Antilles and
Lucayas, only the chief ones need be mentioned. The Weights and Measures of a few
cure still traceable to the source of their earlier colonization.
AMERICA.
135
KAMKI. WEI6HTI AVD MBAIUKEI.
Antigua, English.
The Bahamas, English.
Barbadoes, English
Barbuda, English
S. Christopher's or S. Kitts', . . . English
Dominica, English
Grenada, English.
Jamaica, .••••• EInglish.
S. Lucia, French.
Montserrat, English.
Nevis, English.
Tobago, English.
Tortola, English.
Trinidad, Spanish.
S. Vincent, English.
In the Bermuda Ghroupe, En^^h Weights and Measures are employed. All these
English measures are those before the change in 1825. It would be, therefore, more
literal to say. Weights and Measures of the United States.
FRENCH POSSESSIONS.
France holds on the Continent, only what used in part to be Cayenne and is now on
the maps as French Ghiiana ; and among the West India Islands, Martinique, Guade-
loupe with its dependancies, Deseada or Desirade, Mane-galante, and the groupe of
Les Saintes, together with about two-thirds (on the northern side) of S. Martin.
In Guiana, the new metrical system is legalized ; but the older one continues to be
used.
S. Martin reckons by the Weights and Measures of Holland ; and Les Saintes by
those of Eng^d.
The others employ the old French system, with some modifications. Thus, the
former English wine gallon seems to be the standard for liquids ; divided as follows :
1 gallon = 9 pots s=s 4 pintes =: 8 chopines sss 16 roquilles as 32 muces.
Of Agrarian measure, 1 carr€ =: 10,000 pas carr€B.
Besides these, France owns the isles of S. Pierre and Miquelon to the south of New-
foundland } where the old system prevails.
RUSSIAN POSSESSIONS.
The extensive territories which Russia holds in the north-west comer of America
across Bhering's Straits, are, it may be supposed, under the domain of Russian cus-
tomary measures.
The establishment which that Empire had for nearly forty years in Upper California,
at Bodega, has been since some time abandoned.
SPANISH POSSESSIONS.
The magnificent appanage, continental and insular, which Spain formerly held in
America has now dwindled to the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico ; where the Weights
and Measures are still those of Spain.
136 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
SWEDISH POSSESSIONS.
The only territory of Sweden ia the small Island of S. Bartholomew or S. Bart's ;
which, though originally colonized from France, has been so long ceded (now nearly
seventy years) as to have adopted Swedish Weights and Measures.
^»^»^t0^^t0*0*0*^»0^0^0*0^0*^^^0*^^0^0^0*^t^»0*^t0^0^
III. ASIA.
AN-NAM.
Weigbti. — I qu&n ss 5 ta as 10 binh sss 50 yen ss 500 can.
1 c4n (or pound) ss 1,6 nen ss 16 luong = 160 dong a 1600 ly.
From the Ly, the subdivisions are regularly decimal ; viz., the Hao, Hot, Ch&u,
Huy, Tr&n and Ai, which last is the atom or millionth part of the Ly. The most of
these are purely theoretical, for the Hao is itself only 0,06 of a grain, very nearly.
Capacity. — In these there is no uniformity nor authenticity ; each province using
different measures. In Hu€ there appears to be the following theoretical system :
1 hoc ss 10 dau =: 100 thang =: 1000 hap = 10,000 thuoc
1 thuoc ss 1200 grains of millet == 10 sao.
1 sao (or a handful) =s 120 grains of millet ; and
1 toat sss 250 grains of millet.
The division of the Thuoc into 10 Sao and 4,6875 Toat would seem to indicate two
different systems ; but as the Tonquin millet and our own are not of the same size, we
have no standard of comparison or determination.
Length. — ^There are two Thuoc or cubits ; one for general use, the other which is
i longer than the former, exclusively for cloths, silks and other woven fiibrics.
1. Mercers'.-— J gon s 10 that » 30 truong ss 300 thuoc
1 thuoc (or ell) ss 10 tac a= 100 phan ss 1000 ly.
2. Builders', etc. — 1 mau ss 10 sao as 30 ngu ss 150 thuoc
1 thuoc (or cubit) ss 10 tac ss 100 phan a 1000 ly.
Agrarian.— This last series is also used by Land-measurers in giving the square
content of Land. They sometimes use another series, (called Ruong lue, in contra-
distinction to the Rwmg ngu, just given,) in which the Sao is equal to 16^ Thuoc
The Mau is, therefore, 10 per cent, longer in this last series ; and its superficial content,
when squared, 21 per cent greater.
The Dictionary gives only the values in the first and most usual series.
Itinerart. — These are very vague and only approximate :
I dam ss 2 ly ss rather less than a half mile.
BIRMAH.
Weioht.^1 vis =5 3 catty s 100 tical.
Length. — 1 bambou s= 28 taim = 504 palgat.
Itinerary. — 1 taing ss 250 bambou ss 7000 taim.
But these are by no means certain.
ASIA. 137
CHINA.
Weight i^-Almo8t every thing in China, (timber, liquids, live-etock, etc,) is sold
by weight, actual or nominal.
1 shik =s li tam ss 4 kwan =: 60 yin = 120 kan, or catty.
1 kan = 16 leung, or tael = 364 chu ^ 3840 lui =: 38400 shu, or kernels of grain.
The weights above the Yin are only nominal and for account : and those below the
tael are generally denoted by the adjuncts <i, ho, Uin, fat, etc., L e. one tenth, one
hundredth, one thousandth, etc
Capacity. — This is regulated, as before said, by weight ; the existing dry measures,
which have been adopted for the convenience of commerce for grain and seeds, vary
considerably in consequence of the irregularity of the material (bamboo) of which they
are made. The theory is supposed to be as follows :
1 ping = 5 yu = 16 hok = 32 shik = 80 tau.
1 tau = 10 shing := 100 kop = 200 yeuk rs 1000 cheuk = 10000 chau = 100000
tsut as 1000000 kwai = 6000000 suk, or grains of maize.
Of all these, there are only four actual measures ; viz., the Tau, the Shing, the half-
Shing and the Kop. These are also upon two different modules, distinguished by tlie
adjuncts shi and teong ; and in proportionate capacity as 100 to 65 respectively. It
may be supposed that the latter were intended for liquid measures ; and their average
contents are so reduced accordingly, in the Dictionary.
Length.— 1 yan == 10 cheung = 100 chik == 1000 tsun =s 10000 fan.
The chik, fixed by the Mathematical Board at Pekin = 13,125 inches ; used by
tradesmen in Canton = 14,625 to 14,81 inches ; employed by Elngineers of Public
Works =s 12,7 inches ; and that by which distances are usually measured = 12,1 inches.
Itinerary. — 1 to == 25 fan ^ 125 tsun = 250 li, or miles.
1 11 = 1826 English feet.
This is the count since tlie intervention of European mathematicians at Pekin. The
former used to be
1 to = 192| li = 79300 po =» 396500 chik
1 11 = 1897^ English feet.
Some ambiguity arises from the use of the same word, Li, (probably from European
ignorance of the language in not discriminating between similar but not identical terms)
as a lower measure, the iV o^ ^^ F^^* '^^ same ambiguity extends itself also to the
following series.
Agrarian.— 1 king = 100 mau = 400 kok = 1000 fan = 24 000 po.
But these are so uncertain that they have not been given in the Dictionary.
Solid measures are products of the Cheung ; which is generally in this series
14,6 English Feet.
H IN DO ST AN.
The Weights and Measures of the indigenous governments of this vast country,
(such as, for instance, Sindh, Nepaul, and the confederated Sikhs, etc.) are either too
litUe known or too uncertain to admit of any system. All that will be done is to give
the relations of the principal measures in common use, where European domination
prevails or European commerce has established itself,
u
138 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
Bombay.
Weight. — 1 candy = 20 maunds, or maons = 800 seer = 24000 pice.
Dry Capacity. — ] candy = 8 para = 128 adoulie.
Calcutta.
Weight. — 1 maon, or maund = 40 seer = 640 chattac =t 3200 sicca.
DaT Capacity. — ] pallie =3 4 raik = 64 khoonkC = 320 chattac.
Length. — 1 haut, or covid =: 8 gheria = 72 jaob.
Itinerary. — 1 coss = 4000 haut.
Agrarian. — 1 biggah = 20 cottah = 320 chattack = 6400 square covid.
The Chattack is, in fact, a surface 5 Covid in length by 4 Covid in width.
Madras.
Weight. — 1 garc£ =20 candy, or baruay =400 maund, or maon = 3200 visay.
1 visay := 40 pollam = 400 varahun.
Dry Capacity.— 1 garc£ = 80 para = 400 marcal = 3200 puddy = 25600 ollock
Liquid Capacity, like the dry, is determined by weight ; and the denominations
are the same as in the latter.
Agrarian. — 1 casseney = 24 maony = 240 square covid.
DANISH POSSESSIONS.
Serampore and Tranquebar.
The Weights and Measures here are legally those of Denmark ; and by custom
those of Calcutta and Madras respectively.
FRENCH POSSESSIONS.
Pondichery.
The colonial denominations and divisions are identical with those of Madras ;
although the values are different.
PORTUGUESE POSSESSIONS.
Goa.
Here Portuguese Weights and Measures are employed.
JAPAN.
Weight.— 1 pecul s 100 catty = 1600 tael » 16000 mas s= 160000 condorine.
The connection of the other measures is not known.
OTTOMAN ASIA.
Aleppo, Smyrna, etc.
The Weights and Measures here are so variant, or are rather so mixed up with the
units and values of foreign commerce, as not to admit of satisfactory classification.
EUROPE. 139
PERSIA.
Weight. — 1 batman = 6 ratel = 300 dirhem = 600 mascais.
This is the Batman of Tauris; that of Shiraz, which is twice the value, appears pro-
perly to be part of the same system.
The other measures are unsystematic
SIAM.
Weight.^I pecul = 100 catty = 2000 tael = 8000 tical.
Dry Capacity. — 1 cohi = 40 sesti =: 1600 sat.
Length. — 1 vouah = 2 ken = sok.
Itinerart. — 1 roeneng = 2000 vouah.
IV. EUROPE,
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.
AUSTRIA PROPER : Vienna.
Weight. — 1 pfund =s 2 mark = 4 vierling, or vierding = 16 unze == 32 loth = 128
quent = 512 pfennig.
Apothecaries' : 1 pfund = IJ mark == 12 unze = 96 drachma =288 scrupel = 5760
gran.
The Mark is identical in both series ; and is the unit of gold and silver weight.
1 centner = 5 stein = 100 pfund.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 32 eimer = 128 viertel = 1312 (imperial) mass.
1 mass = 2 kanne = 4 seidel = 8 pfiff.
Dry Capacity. — 1 muth = 30 metze = 120 viertel =: 240 achtel
1 achtel = 2 mahlmassel == 8 futtermassel =16 becher = 128
probmetze.
Length.— 1 klafter = 6 fuss = 72 zoU = 864 linie = 10368 punkt.
Itinerary. — 1 meile = 4000 klafter = 24000 fuss.
Agrarian. — 1 joch,or jochart = 3 metze := 576 square ruthe = 1600 square klafter
= 57600 square fuss.
BOHEMIA : Prague.
Weight. — 1 centner = 6 stein = 120 pfund.
The lower subdivisions are as in Vienna ; but their values, as well as of the terms
just given, correspond with a lighter pound than the imperial standard.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fass = 4 eimer = 128 pinte = 512 seidel.
Dry Capacity. — I strich = 4 viertel = 16 massel = 192 seidel
Agrarian. — 1 joch of Vienna = 2 strich.
YENITIAN LOMBARDY.
Milan.
Weight. — ^Peso grosso: 1 libbra = 4 quarto = 28 oncia.
Peso sottile; 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 288 denaro = 6912 grano.
Gold and silver are by the Marco; subdivided as follows:
1 marco =: 8 oncia = 192 denaro = 4608 grano.
Apothecary: 1 libbra peso sottile = 12 oncia = 96 drachma = 288 scrupolo = 6912
g^rano.
In 1803 the French kilogramme with decimal subdivisions was introduced; which is
the new Italian pound or nutrical pound of the Dictionary.
1 rubbio = 10 libbra metrica = 100 oncia = 1000 grosso = 10000 denaro = 100000
grano.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 brenta = 3 staja = 6 mina = 12 quartaro =: 16 bassa = 48
pinta = 96 boccale.
Dry Capacity. — 1 moggio = 8 stajo = 16 starello = 32 quartaro = 128 meta =
512 quartino.
In the new metrical system, Capacity is reckoned as followfl;
1 soma = 10 mina = 100 pinta = 1000 coppo.
Length. — 1 braccio = 12 oncia = 144 punto = 1728 atomo.
New measure in 1803: 1 metro or braccio = 10 palmo = 100 dito = 1000 atomo.
Itinerary, since 1803. — 1 miglio = 1000 metro.
The old mile of Milan is not correlative ; but appears, in theory, to be equivalent to
3000 braccio.
Agrarian. — 1 pertica = 24 tavola = 96 square cavezzo = 3456 square piede.
The piede, or foot, used here, is not employed in any other part of the system. It
seems to have been originally I of the Braccio.
Since 1823: 1 tomatura = 100 square palmo.
The Tornatura is identical with the French Are,
Venice.
Weight. — ^Peso grosso: 1 libbra = 2 marco =» 12 oncia = 72 saggio = 2304 carato
= 9216 grano.
Peso sottile: 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 72 saggio = 1728 carato = 6912 grano.
The Peso grosso is used in general commerce : the Marco and its subdivisions are for
gold and silver and precious stones: the Peso Sottile for drugs, colors, coffee, tea, sugar,
silk, rice and butter. This last is estimated at -{ f of the former. When used for
medicines, it is subdivided as the Austrian apothecary-pound.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 anfora = 4 bigonzio = 8 concia, or mastello = 48 seccliio =
= 192 bozza = 512 boccale = 768 quartuccio.
1 botta = 5 bigonzio.
Dry Capacity. — 1 moggio = 4 stajo, or staro = 16 quarto = 64 quartarolo.
Length. — 1 braccio = 2 piede.
This Braccio is for woollens, etc.; that for silk is shorter.
Itinerary. — 1 miglio = 1000 passo = 5000 piede.
Agrarian. — 1 campo = 640 tavola, or square pertica, or square cavezzo = 25920
square piede.
EUROPE. 141
New measure: 1 migliajo = 1000 square passo = 25000 square plede.
The metrical Weights and Measures, described under Milan, are also employed here
■as there in all governmental transactions. Otherwise, the local measures are still in use.
In the other parts of the Austrian dominions, such as Dalmatia, Hungary, Moravia,
etc., local systems, if they ever existed, are now only discernible in the names and
values of a few disconnected and apparently arbitrary measures.
BADEN.
Weight. — Old measure : 1 pfund = 32 loth = 128 quentchen.
New measure : 1 pfund = 10 zehnling = 100 centass = 1000 pfennig =
10000 ass.
The new measure was established in 1810 ; when the value of the pfund was taken
at I Kilogramme, and a decimal division adopted ; but the old division is still retained
and is applied both to the old unit and to the new.
The mark of Cologne is employed for gold and silver ; and the value and subdivi-
sions of the Niimberg apothecary-pound for drugs and medicines.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 10 ohm = 100 stiitze = 1000 mass = 10000 glas.
1 ohm = 15 decalitres of France.
Dry Capacity. — 1 zuber = 10 malter = 100 sester = 1000 masslein = 10000 becher.
1 sester = 15 decalitres of France.
Length.— 1 ruthe = 10 fuss = 100 zoU = 1000 linie = 10000 punkt.
1 ruthe = 3 metres of France.
The old Fuss was 3 per cent, shorter ; but has been merged into the new one.
Itinerary. — 1 meile = 2 stunden = 8t kilom^es of France.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen =s 4 viertel, or quart = 400 square ruthe s= 40000 square fuss.
SoLro.— 1 klafler, for fire wood = 6 F. long X 6 F. high X 6 F. deep = 128 cubic
fuss.
What is here called deep, signifies in every case the length of the billet or log.
BAVARIA.
Weight.— I pfund = 16 unze = 32 loth =s 128 quentchen.
A uniform value was established for the unit in 1811 ; corresponding with the new
French weight. The apothecary-pound was at the same time defined at |f of the unit ;
and is divided liked the Niimberg apothecary-pound. Grold and silver are by the mark
Cologne.
Liquid Capacity .-^1 eimer =: 60 masskanne = 240 quartel.
Dry Capacity. — 1 scheffel = 6 metze = 12 viertel = 48 massel, or achtel = 96
masslein = 192 dreissiger.
1 schefiel = 208 liquid masskanne, in actual content.
Length. — 1 fuss = 12 zoU = 144 linie = 1728 punkt.
This unit was established in 1809, and defined in terms of the old French measure, at
129,58 lignes de Paris. The near approach of this value to 3 decimetres in the new
French system, allows the Fuss, as is frequently done, to be decimally divided. Thus
the Elk of Rhenish Bavaria is 4 Fuss of this count, or 12 decimetres of France. The
legal Elle is 2 Fuss 10| Zoll of the legal value, above.
Itinerary.— 1 meile = 2400 ruthe = 24000 fuss.
1 meile of Anspach = 2 stunde = 2880 ruthe = 28800 fuss.
\
142 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
Agrarian. — 1 juchart, morgen or tag^werk =: 400 square ruthe =: 40000 square fuss.
Solid.— 1 klafler for fire wood = 6 F. long X ^ F* ^^ X 3| F. deep rs 126 cubic
fuss.
In Rhenish Bavaria, generally, the billets are 4 F. long ; which makes the klafler =
144 cubic fuss.
Augsburg : Numberg.
The denominations and values of local measures retained in both of these places, and
elsewhere in Bavaria, are given in the Dictionary. The apothecary-weight of Niim-
berg, which is general over all Germany for medicines, (as the Mark of Cologne is for
specie,) is } of the old Niimberg money-pound ; which last is divided as follows :
1 pfund = 2 mark = 16 unze = 16 loth = 128 quart s= 512 pfennig = 8220 as-
ducat.
The apothecary-pound, as under :
1 pfund = 12 unze = 96 drachma = 228 scrupel = 576 obolus, or heller = 5760
gran.
BELGIUM.
Weight. — Old measure of Brussels.
Commercial : 1 livre, or pond = 4 quarteron = 16 once = 64 satin = 128 gros
= 9216 grains.
Specie : 1 livre, or pond = 2 mark = 16 once = 320 esterlin = 1280 felins = 10240
as = 1 pond troy of Holland.
The new weight is the kilogramme and its decimal subdivisions ; established since
1816.
The apothecaries* unitary pound, subdivided like that of Numberg, is, since 1817,
• of the kilogramme of France ; but in this respect there is not entire uniformity.
The other measures are all in value corresponding with the metrical system of
France, and decimally subdivided. Thus, the unit for liquids (the vat) and that for
dry (the mudde) are each = 100 litres of France. The unitary El or awu = 1 m^tre ;
the agrarian unit (the vierkantebunder) = 1 are of France *, or nearly 4 square perches
English ; the metrical miil or mile = 1 kilometre. Other terms remaining from the old
systems, but now disconnected, are given in the Dictionary.
BREMEN.
Weight. — 1 pfund = 2 mark = 16 unze = 32 loth = 128 quentchen = 512 ort r=s
498,59 grammes of France ; since 1818.
There is another Pfund used in retail commerce ; which is 6 per cent, lighter than
the standard.
Gold and silver are weighed by the Mark of Cologne ; and medicines by the apothe*
cary-pound of Niirnberg.
1 schifipfund = 20 liespfund = 290 pfund.
1 frachtpfund or pfundschwer = 300 pfund.
1 cbntner= 116 pfund.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 4 oxhoft = 6 ohm = 24 anker = 120 viertel = 270
stiibchen = 1080 quartier s= 4320 mingel.
Dry Capacity. — 1 scheffel = 4 viertel = 16 spint.
Length.— 1 elle = 2 fuss = 24 zoU = 240 linie.
EC7R0PE.
143
Surveyors divide the Fuss decimally.
Itinerary. — 1 ruthe = 2| klafter = 8 elle = 16 fuss.
The usual Meile contains 20000 Rhenish feet.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen = J20 square ruthe = 30720 square fuss.
Solid.— 1 faden = 6 F. long X 6 F. high X 2 F. deep = 72 cubic fuss.
Firewood is also sometimes measured by the Reep or Reif; a circular pile 17| fuss in
circumference, the billets varying from 41 to 6 Fuss in length. The Reif yields from
1 to 2 Faden, accordingly.
BRUNSWIG.
Weight.— 1 pfund = 2 mark = 32 loth = 128 quentchen =s 512 pfennig = 1024
heller.
1 schifTpfund ^ 20 liespfund = 280 pfund.
Grold and silver by the Mark of Cologne ; medicines by the apothecary-pound of
Nurnberg.
1 fuder = 4 oxhoft = 6 ohm = 240 stubchen = 960 quarteer = 1920 nOssel.
1 fass of beer =4 tonne = 108 stiibchen = 432 quartier = 864 nOssel.
1 fass of mum = 100 stubchen = 400 quartier = 900 nOssel.
Dry Capacity. — 1 scheffel = 10 himt = 40 vierfass = 160 becher, or lOcher
Length. — 1 elle = 2 jschuh = 24 zoU.
Itinerary. — 1 ruthe = 8 elle = 16 schuh.
The usual Meile contains 34424 Rhenish Feet.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen =: 120 square ruthe = 30720 square schuh.
CRACOW.
Weight. — 1 funt = 2 mark = 48 skoyciec.
Apothecary-weight is that of Nurnberg.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 stangiew = 2 beczka = 72 gamiec == 288 kwart.
Dry Capacity. — 1 korzec = 2 polkorzow = 4 cwierc =: 32 garcy, or gamiec
Length. — 1 stopa = 12 calow = 144 liniow =: 1728 punkt.
The other measures are those of Poland.
DENMARK.
Weight. — 1 pund = 2 mark = 16 unze = 32 lod = 128 quintin = 512 ort.
62 pund = weight of 1 cubic fod of rain water at 16|° centigrade.
Gold and silver is weighed by a Pund, nearly 6 per cent, lighter than, but not aliquot
with the commercial pound ; and subdivided like this last, only more minutely, into
8192 as = 65536 gran. The Royal Mint uses, however, the Mark of Cologne.
Apothecaries' weight is that of Nurnberg.
1 last = 16i skippund = 144^ waag = 325 lispund = 433f bismerpund = 5200 pund.
1 skippund = 20 lispund = 320 pund.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 aam = 4 anker = 20 viertel =s 40 stiibchen s=s 77| kande ssa
155 pot = 620 pagel.
Dry Capacity. — 1 toende = 4 fjerding = 8 skieppe =s 32 fjerdingkar = 144 pot
Length. — 1 aln = 2 fod = 24 tomme = 288 linie.
144 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
The Fod represents ^f of the pendulum beating seconds, in a Tacuum, at the level of
the sea, under the mean parallel of 45° north latitude.
Itinerary.— 1 mill = 2400 rode = 4000 favn= 12000 abi = 24000 fod.
Agrarian. — 1 pflug = 8 toende (hartkorn) = 32 toende (sadeland) =: 64 skieppe
= 256 fjerdingkar a= 768 album =» 3072 penge » 17920 square rode = 1792000
square fod.
The measures of Holstein are chiefly those of Hamburg ; and those of Norway
difier only locally, not systematically, from the Danish.
FRANCE.
Weight. — 1 kilogramme =s 10*. hectogramme = 100 decagramme = 1000 gramme
as 10000 decigramme ss 100000 centigramme =? 1000000 milligramme.
The unit, or Kilogramme, is the weight of a cubic decimetre of distilled water at the
temperature of maximum density ; taken at 4° Centigrade, or 39^,2 Fahrenheit.
1 tonneau ^ 10 quintal = 100 myriagrammes = 1000 kilogrammes.
Apothecary-weight has not been so symmetrically and uniformly constructed. In
the French pharmaceutical Codex, the gramme has been adopted as the key of the sys-
tem, and is considered as equivalent to | of the old drachme. The once, habitually of
8 drachmes, is then 32 grammes. But as this number is irrational with a decimal
division, a compromise has been made as follows :
1. 1 double-livre (kilogramme) = 2 livre == 4 demi-livre = 8 quarterons (of 4 onces)
=s 1000 grammes.
2. 1 once = 8 gros, or drachme = 640 grain &= 1280 demi-grain s 32 gramme ;
instead of 31 i gramme, as it must have been, if the same binary division had been
carried through.
Liquid and Dry Capacity. — 1 kilolitre = 10 hectolitre =s 100 decalitre = 1000
litre = 10000 decilitre = 100000 centilitre = 1000000 millilitre.
The unit, or Litre, is the cubic decimetre ; the Ealolitre is therefore a cubic metre.
The myrialitre =s 10 kilolitre.
Length and Distance. — 1 myriam^e = 10 kilometre = 100 hectom^e = 1000
decam^e = 10000 mtitre = 100000 decimHre = 1000000 centimetre = 10000000 milli-
m^e.
The Metre, or unit, is assumed to be the ten-millionth of the quadrant, or the forty-
millionth of the whole circumference of the Globe, measured over the poles. The
actual value assigned to it, in spite of the pains taken in the geodetical and artistical
operations, is, after all, owing to the nature of the very operations, to be considered as
only a near approximation. The provisional metre of 1795, is, in fact, (as more recent
investigations show,) nearer the most probable value aimed at, than the one adopted in the
law of 1 799. But the utmost error is only about ti^v of the length ; or, absolutely, less
than jnfjSTf of an inch.
Agrarian. — 1 hectare s= 100 are == 10000 centiare or square metres.
This part of the system admits the same decimal multiplication and siabdivision as
the others, in theory ; but in point of fact, the intermediate terms have been rejected.
Solid. — 1 decastere = 10 stere =s 100 decistere.
The Stere is the cubic metre ; and its content, therefore, is the same as the capacity
of the Kilolitre. The terms given are all that are retained in the nomenclature.
The names eren of the old measuree of France haring been interdicted sinee 1840
by ]aw, their relations and combinations are of no remaining practioal interesL The
terms and Talues wiU be found in the Dictionary.
FRANKFORT.
Weight. — 1 pfund a 2 mark = 16 unze ss 32 loth s 128 qnentchen « 512 pfen-
nig rs 1024 heUer.
There is also a commercial pound for retail, called MUber^fund^ about 8 per cent,
lighter than the former ; but similarly divided. Flour and Malt are weighed by a
pound of 32 iV Loth silber-pftind ; meat and butter by 33 Loth of the same system,
and fish by one of 35 Loth.
Qold and silver are reckoned by Cologne weight ; and drugs and medicines by the
apothecary-pound of N<hnberg.
Liqum Capacitt.— 1 fuder a 6 ohm a 120 viertel ss 480 eich-mass «> 540 neu-
mass.
1 mass = 4 schoppen.
IhiT CAPAcmr. — 1 malter, or achtel = 4 simmer :» 6 metze = 16 sechter ss C4
gescheid = 256 miisschen, or viertel = 1024 schrott.
A Malter of Wheat weighs from 175 to 190 lb. flour-weight.
Rye 165 to 480 ** "
Barley . . . . 150 to 165 «« "
Oats 95 to 110 " "
Flour 143 " "
This includes the tare of the sack, which is reckoned at 3 flour-pounds.
Length. — 1 werkschuh = 12 zoll = 144 linie.
1 ruthe = 121 werkschuh = 10 feldfuss » 100 zoll = 1000 linie.
Agrarian. — 1 hufe =: 30 morgen = 4800 square ruthe =: 480000 square feldfuss.
Solid, for firewood : 1 klafter =s 6 W. long X 7 W. high X 3 ^* deep = 126
cubic werkschuh.
1 stecken = 3^ werkschuh, cubed =s 432 cubic werkschuh.
GREAT BRITAIN.
The Imperial standards adopted since 1825, altered only the value of the capacity-
measures.
The Weights and the Long, Agrarian and Solid measures are identical with those
of the United States.
Capacity-measures are the same, both for liquids and things dry. The origination
of these, is with the gaUon ; which contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water
at 30 inches of the barometer and 62° Fahr. both for the air and the water. Eight
of such gallons make the bushel. The old subdivisions and nomenclature, as for as
applicable, are retained.
Weight. — Troy and apothecary have been given under the head, United States.
Avoirdupois : 1 ton =: 20 hundred-weight = 80 quarter =s 2240 pound =» 35840
ounce = 573440 dram.
Wool : 1 last = 12 sack ss 24 wey « 156 tod »= 312 stone = 624 clove = 4368
pound.
146 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
Liquid Capacity. — Old Wine measure : 1 tun =s 2 pipe = 3 puncheon = 4 hogs-
head = 6 tierce = 8 quarter-casks = 252 gallon = 1008 quart = 2016 pint.
Old Beer measure : 1 butt = 1^ punclieon = 2 hogshead = 3 barrel = 6 kilderkin
= 12 firkin = 108 gallon.
Ale measure was the same as to the Grallon and its subdivisions ; but the Firkin of
Ale was only 8 Gallons, and the Hogshead of Ale, 48 Gallons, instead of 9 and 54
Gallons respectively.
Dry Capacity. — Old measure : 1 last := 2 wey = 10 quarter = 20 coom ss 80
bushel = 320 peck = 640 gallons = 5120 pint.
Lenoth.~-1 yard := 3 foot := 36 inches = 108 barley-<M)m = 432 line.
Cloth-measure: 1 French ell = li English ell = IJ yard s 2 Flemish ell == 6
quarters =s 27 nail = 54 inch.
HAMBURG.
Weight. — 1 pfund = 2 mark = 16 unze = 32 loth = 128 quentchen = 512 pfennig.
Gold and silver are weighed by the Mark of Cologne ; and medicine, by Niimberg
apothecary -weight.
1 schiffpfund = 2| centner = 20 liespfund as 280 pfund.
This is sea-freight ; waggon-weight is also called Schiffpfund, but = 320 pfund.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 4 oxhoft = 5 tonne = 6 ahm = 24 anker s=s 30
eimer = 120 viertel = 240 stubchen = 480 kanne = 960 quartier = 1920 Ossel.
1 fass, for whale-oil = 11 tonne = 7] stechkanne s= 120 margel = 160 quartier.
Dry Capacity. — i last, for wheat and grain generally, and seeds = 3 wispel = 30
Bcheffel = 60 fass = 120 himt = 480 spint.
1 stock, for oats and barley =1^ last; and similarly subdivided.
The Scheffel is hardly used ; the Fass is the principal measure.
The indications of the steel-yard used for weighing grain, and quoted in the Price-
current, is upon 1| fass of such grain respectively. The established weight of the
Fass is, of
Barley, 68 pfund. Peas, 100 pfund.
Beans, 108 " Rye, 81 "
Oats, 52 " Wheat, 86 "
Length.— 1 elle = 2 fuss = 24 zoU = 192 achtel.
Ship-builders, for the measurement of spars, etc., divide the Fuss into 3 Palm.
Engineers and surveyors use the Rhenish foot and inch, decimally divided.
Itinerary. — 1 meile = 200 ruthe = 24000 Rhenish fuss.
Agrarian. — ^There are two Ruthe, or perches, in land-measure; the Marschruthe
equal to 7 £11, and the Geestruthe to 8 £11. Of course, 1 square geestruthe = 1$|-
marschruthe = 256 square fuss.
1 morgen = 600 square marschruthe = 117600 square fuss.
Solid.— 1 klafter, or faden = 6i F. long X 6| F. high X 2 F. deep = 88| cubic
fuss.
1 messbergerfaden = 61 F. long X 8 F. high X 2 F. deep z= 106J cubic fuss.
EUBOPE.
147
HANOVER.
Weight. — 1 pfund = 2 mark = 16 unze == 32 loth = 128 quentchen = 512
Artchen.
GK>ld and silver are weighed by the Mark of Cologne. The apothecary-pound is
I of the commercial pfund ; subdivided like that of Niimberg ; which last is, itself,
frequently used.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 4 oxhofl = 6 ahm = 15 eimer = 24 anker = 120
viertel =240 stiibchen = 480 kanne =: 960 quartier = 1920 nOssel.
I fass for beer = 4 tonne ^ 104 stiibchen = 208 kanne = 416 quartier.
Dry Capacity.— 1 last = 2 wispel = 16 malter = 96 himt = 288 drittel s 384
▼ierfass.
Lbnoth.— 1 elle = 2 fuss = 24 zoll = 192 achtel = 288 linie.
Itinerary.— 1 meile (since 1818) = 1462^ ruthe = 11700 elle = 25400 fuss.
The old, or Polizei-meile, was 2274 ruthe.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen of Calenberg = 1^ drohn = 2 vorling = 120 square ruthe
= 30720 square fuss.
HESSE-C ASSEL.
Weight. — 1 pfund = ]6 unze = 32 loth r= 128 quentchen.
In retail, the pfund of Berlin (which is about 3 per cent, lighter) is employed ; sub-
divided as above.
Gold and silver are by the Cologne — medicine etc., by the Nttmberg weight.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 6 ohm = 120 viertel = 480 mass = 1920 schoppen.
Dry Capacity. — 1 scheffel = 2 himt = 8 metze = 32 m£lsschen.
Length. — 1 waldfuss, or standard = 12 zoll = 144 linie.
Itinerary. — I ruthe == 7 elle = 14 land-fuss, or surveyors' foot.
The Ruthe is sometimes divided decimally into JO Fuss, etc.
Agrarian. — 1 acker = 150 square ruthe = 29400 square land-fuss.
Solid. — 1 klafter = 5 F. long X 5 F. high X 6 F. deep = 150 cubic waldfuss.
HESSE- DARMSTADT.
The old Weights and Measures were those of Frankfort. Those established in
1821, are as follows :
Weight. — 1 pfund = 32 loth = 128 quentchen = 512 richtpfennig = | kilo-
gramme of France.
Gold and silver are still reckoned by the Mark of Cologne ; andNiirnberg furnishes
the apothecary-weight.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 6 ohm = 120 viertel = 480 mass = 1920 schoppen.
The Schoppen = | litre of France.
Dry Capacity. — 1 malter = 4 simmer = 16 kiimpf =: 64 gescheid -=256 m^schen
= 128 litre of France.
Length.— 1 klafter z= 10 fuss = 100 zoll = 1000 linie.
The Fuss is | metre of France ; the Elle is J metre.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen = 4 viertel = 400 square klafter = 40000 square fuss.
Solid. — 1 stecken = 5 F. long X 5 F. high X 4 F. deep = 100 cubic fuss.
The old Stecken was 6X6X4 = 144 cubic feet, old measure.
148 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
HOLLAND.
Since 1817, the yaluea and diTisiona of the Weights and Meaaorei hare been ac-
cording to the metrical system of France ; retaining more or less of the old nomen-
clature, as will be found in the Dictionary.
IONIAN ISLES.
Since 1817, when the new Constitution of these Isles was ratified by the English
Parliament, the standard Weights and Measures have been those of Great Britain.
There still remain, howerer, several detached usances of Turkish and Yenitian origin ;
which will be found in the Dictionary.
LtJBEC.
Wbioht.— 1 pfund as 9 mark as 16 unze a 32 loth = 128 quentchen s 513
pfennig.
Gold and silver weight is that of Cologne ; apothecary- weight, of NCbmberg.
The Schiffpfund and Tonne are divided as at Hamburg.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 4 oxhofl = 6 ahm ^ 24 anker = 30 eimer = 120
viertel = 240 stiibchen = 480 kanne = 960 quartier = 1920 plank = 3840 ort.
Dav Capacity. — I last = 8 drOmt = 24 tonne = 96 scheffel = 384 fass.
Length.— 1 elle = 2 fuss = 24 zoll = 144 linie = 1728 punkt.
Other usances here are the same as at Hamburg.
LUCCA.
The Weights and Measures of this Territory are, in sjrstem, the same as those of
Tuscany ; of which it will hereafler form a part. Its local values and denominations
will be found in the Dictionary.
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN.
What is under this, will also apply to the other Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-
Strelitz ; both of whose systems of Weights and Length-measures are those of Ham-
berg ; while the Capacity-measures are, in fact, those of Liibec
MODENA.
Weight. — 1 libbra, or lira = 12 oncia = 192 ferlino.
1 libbra, for gold and silver = 12 oncia = 96 ottava = 192 ferlino = 1920 carato
= 7680 grano.
Apothecary: 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 96 drachma := 288 scrupolo = 6912 grano.
LiQniD Capacity. — 1 barile := 20 fiasco = 40 boccaie.
Dey Capacity.— 1 sacco = 2 stajo.
Agrarian.— 1 biolca = 72 tavola = 288 square cayezzo = 10368 square piede.
The Piede of Reggio has the same relations, but a dififerent value, with that of Mo-
dena, the city.
The other measures appear arbitrary.
EUROPE. 149
OTTOMAN EMPIRE or TURKEY IN EUROPE.
Neither our knowledge nor perhaps the actual state of Weights and Measures in
this Empire allow of their being arranged in any satisfactory, systematic exhibition :
and the same may be said of the modem Kingdom of Greece. The value and denomi-
nations of isolated units have been given in the Dictionary.
PARMA.
Weight. — 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 288 denaro = 6912 grano.
GK>ld and silver are weighed by the Marco of Milan, or by the new Italian pound.
The apothecary-pound is identical with the commercial Libbra. The Rubbio is 25
Libbra.
LiQum Capacity is measured as at Milan.
Dry Capacity. — 1 stajo = 2 mina = 16 quartarole.
Length. — 1 pertica = 6 braccio di legno = 72 oncia = 864 punto = 10368 atomo.
Agrarian. — 1 biolca = 6 staro =s 72 tavola = 288 square pertica ^ 10368 square
braccio.
PORTUGAL.
Weight. — 1 arratel = 2 marco or meio-arratel s= 4 quarta = 16 on9a = 128 outa-
va = 384 escropulo = 9216 grao.
This weight, from the On9a down, answers for all purposes.
Grold and silver are reckoned by the Marco of 8 On9a8 ; and medicines are weighed
by a Libra of 12 On^as, which is therefore I Arratel.
1 tonelada = 13| quintal = 54 arroba = 1728 arratel.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 almude = 2 alqueire, or cantaro = 12 Canada = 24 meia-cana-
da = 48 quartilho = 96 meio-quartilho.
1 tonelada = 2 pipa, or bota = 52 almude = 104 alqueire.
Dry Capacity. — 1 moio = 15 fanga = 60 alqueire = 120 meio-alqueire = 240
quarto = 480 outava = 960 maquia, or meia-outava.
Length. — I covado = 3 palmo da craveira = 24 pollegada = 36 dedo = 144 grao =
288 linha = 3456 ponto.
The commercial Covado, called covado avanUjado, has 24} pollegadas.
Itinerary. — 1 bra^ =1^ passo = 2 vara = 6| pe = 10 palmo da craveira.
1 legoa = 3 milha = 24 estadio.
Agrarian. — 1 geira = 4840 square vara.
PRUSSIA.
The Weights and Measures were reformed here in 1816.
Weight. — 1 pfund = 2 mark = 16 unze = 32 loth = 126 quentchen.
The unitary Pfund is Vs* of a cubic foot of distilled water, weighed, and reduced
to a vacuum, at the temperature of 15° Reaumur (65^° Fahrenheit.)
GK>ld and silver are still reckoned by the Mark of Cologne, to which the Prussian
Mark is considered as equivalent ; and the apothecary-pound, divided like that of
NOmberg, is | Pfund.
1 schiffpfund = 3 centner = 15 stein = 20 liespfund sss 330 pfund.
150 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
Liquid Capacitt. — 1 fuder = 6 ohm = 12 eimer = 24 anker = 720 quart =s 1440
Ossel.
The Eimer contains 3840 cubic ZoUe or inches.
Dry Capacity. — ] last, for wheat and rye s= 4 wispel = 6 malter = 72 scheffel =s
288 viertel = 1152 metze = 4508 m&sschen.
1 last, for barley and oats = 48 scheffel.
The Scheffel is | of the Eimer in absolute capacity, or 3072 cubic Zolle.
Length. — 1 fuss (Rhein-fuss) = 12 zoll = 144 linie = 1728 scrupel.
This unit has been established at 139, 13 lignes de Paris.
The Elle is 25| ZoUe.
Itinerary. — 1 ruthe = 10 land-fuss = 12 Rhein-fuss.
The Land-fuss is also sub-divided decimally into 10 zoll = 100 linie = 1000 scrupel.
1 post-meile = 2000 ruthe = 24000 Rheinfuss.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen = 180 square ruthe = 25920 square Rheinfuss.
Solid — 1 klafler = 6 F. long X 6 F. high X 3 F. deep = 108 cubic Rheinftiss.
1 haufen = 4^ klafler = 18 F. long X 9 F. high X 3 F. deep = 486cubic Rheinfuss.
The old values and denominations which are still retained, as well in the Capital as in
several principal Cities, are given in the Dictionary.
ROMAN STATES.
Under this name is intended what has, until recently, been known as the State of the
Church. Late events have shewn this last title to be uncertain. Two principal Cities
comprehend all that is systematic in Weights and Measures.
Bologna.
Weight.— 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 96 ottava = 192 ferlino =s 1920 carato = 7680
grano.
This weight serves also for gold and silver : though the new Italian metrical pound
(the kilogramme) is also employed, as well as the Libbra of Rome. In Ferrara, use is
still had of the Marco of Milan.
Apothecary : 1 libbra s= 12 oncia = 96 drachma = 288 scrupolo ss 6912 grano.
This Libbra weighs 11 ^ commercial Oncie.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 corba = 2 mezza-corba = 4 quarterone, or quarterole as 60
boccale = 240 foglietta.
Dry Capacity. — 1 corba = 2 stajo, or staro ss 8 quarterone = 32 quarticino, or
quartuccione.
These two Corbe are of the same capacity.
Agrarian. — 1 tomatura = 140 square pertica = 14000 square pi(.
Rome.
Weight.— 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 288 denaro = 6912 grano.
The same weight serves for gold and silver, and for medicine.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 botta = 16 barile == 512 boccale = 2048 foglietta ss 8192
quartuccio.
The Barile for oil contains only I of the above, or 28 Boccale. But oil has a
proper measure, viz :
1 aoma wm 3 maatello, or pelle as 20 cupiatello « 80 borrjile.
DftT Capacitt. — 1 rubbio ^ 3 nibbiatelU ^ 4 ijuaita = d qiuularella ^1:2 staja
s=: 16 atarello =* 32 aoorzo = 88 quartuccio.
Lbhotb AMD DiiTAVCB. — 1 caDoa (ordinary) ss 2 braccio =s 6 pi6 a: 8 |wIino :=
241inea.
1 caDna (architecU, etc.,) ^ ?{ pi€ ss 10 palmo le 130 oncia la 600 minuto = 1:200
decimo.
1 canna di ara ^ li braodo di ara ^ 9 palmo di ara.
1 catena ^ 10 atajolo =» 57) palmo (architects ').
AoaAaiAH. — 1 rubbio = 4 quarta ss 7 pezza ^ 16 scorzo ^ 33 qunrtuccio a 113
■quare catena ^ 11200 square stajolo ss 370300 square palmo (ardiilecu*).
RUSSIA IN EUROPE.
S. Petersburg.
Wbiobt.— 1 funt ss 12 lana e= 33 loth =s 96 zolotnic = 9216 doli.
This is used for gold and silver, also ; and the NUrnberg weight, by apothecaries.
1 packen s 3 berkowitz s= 30 pud = 1:200 funt.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 vedro = 4 tsdietwerk = 8 osmuschka = 88 tscharkey.
Since 1819, the vedro = 100 tscharkey.
1 sarokowaja = 13| anker ^ 40 vedro.
Dry Capacity. — 1 tschetwert = 2 osmin = 4 pajok = 8 tschetwcrik = 32 tschet-
werka = 64 gametz.
Length and Distance. — 1 archine =: 2 stopa = 24 verschok = 32 paletz.
This was the old measure. Within the last twenty years, both the English Foot
and the Rhine Foot have come into use ; and since 1831, the former has furnished, it
is belieyed, the normal standard of value. At present, the Archine is divided into 16
Verschok.
1 verst = 500 sachine = 1500 archine = 24000 verschok.
The Sachine ia 7 feet exactly.
Besides the Verst, the Meile of Lithuania is also used, equivalent to 28530 Rhein-
ftiss.
Warsaw.
The legal Weights and Measures of Poland are supposed to be, since 1831, subor-
dinate to those of the Russian Empire, of which it forms a part. The establiNhment,
in 1819, while Poland had still its own legislature, and which rested upon the French
metrical system, is nearly as follows :
Weight. — 1 funt = 16 lana = 32 loth = 48 skoyciec = 128 drachme = 384 skru-
pulow = 9216 granow = 50688 granikow = 405504 milligrammow.
The Milligrammow is exactly the Milligramme of France.
The apothecary-pound is 358^ Grammes of France, and divided like Niirnberg weight.
The old Funt of Warsaw proper was iV lighter ; and the old duintal was of 5
Kaminieck, or 160 Funt. The new Kaminieck is of 25 Funt.
Liquid Capacity.— 1 stangiew = 2 beczka = 50 garniec = 200 kwarti = 800
kwaterki.
The Kwarti is the Litre of France *, and the Beczka, therefore, the hectolitre.
152 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
Formerly the Beczka was divided into 36 Gamiec, and 144 Kwarti.
Drt Capacity. — 1 korzec = 4 cwierc = 32 gamiec, or garcy ==: 128 kwarti ^ 512
kwaterki.
The Kwarti is the same for all capacity ; and tlie Korzec is, therefore, 128 Litret
of France.
Length. — 1 lokiec = 2 stopa == 4 cwierc ss 24 calow ss 288 liniow as 576 milli-
metrow = 576 millimHre of France.
1 sznurow = 10 pretow = 100 precikow =» 150 stopa as 1000 lawek as 1800 calow.
The Precikow is the geometrical foot, used by surveyors.
Itinerary distances are measured by the Yerst of Russia ; 8 of which (=s 29633 stopa)
make the unitary league.
Agrarian. — 1 wloka a= 30 morgow ss 00 square srnurow sss 9000 square pretow
&= 900000 square precikow.
SARDINIA.
The Weights and Measures of the Island of Sardinia, which cannot be called sys-
tematic, will be found in the Dictionary.
DUCHY OF GENOA.
Weight. — 1 libbra (peso scarso) = 12 oncia = 288 denaro = 6912 grano.
This is the ordinary weight of commerce ; which is used also by apothecaries. The
Rottolo is 1| Libbra. The Peso-grosso is 10 per cent, heavier than the Peso-scarso;
and has sometimes its Rottolo. Gold and silver are weighed by the Marco of Turin.
The Rubbio, or quarter of the Centinajo, has 25 Libbra in either weight.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 mezzaruola = 2 barile = 100 pinta = 180 amola.
Dry Capacity. — 1 mina = 8 quarto = 96 gombetta.
Length. — 1 piede liprando = 12 oncia = 144 punto = 1728 atomo.
1 piede manuale = 8 oncia.
1 canna = 4f braccio = 10 palmo = 61 piede manuale.
But this last is hjrpothetical. The land-surveyors use a Canna of 12 Palmo ; which
is properly a Canella. But Canne are found of all lengths from 8 to 12 palmi.
piedmont: Turin.
Weight. — 1 libbra =11 marco = 12 oncia = 96 ottavo 3= 288 denaro = 6912
grano = 165888 granottino.
For gold and silver, the Marco is divided as under :
1 marco = 8 oncia = 192 denaro = 1152 carato = 4608 grano = 110592 granottino.
The i^othecary-pound is 11 Marco; and is divided like the same weight at Bologna.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 carro ^ 10 brenta = 360 pinta = 720 boccale= 1440 quartino.
Dry Capacity. — 1 sacco = 3 stajo = 6 mina = 12 quartiere = 48 copello = 960
cucchiaro.
Length. — ^The smaller measures are divided as at Qenoa.
1 pertica = 2 trabucco = lOf raso = 12 piede liprando.
Itikerart. — 1 miglio a= 1300 tesa ^ 4333^ piede liprando = 6500 piede manuale.
Agrarian. — 1 giornata = 100 tavola, or square pertica = 400 square trabucco sa
14400 square piede liprando.
SAXONY.
For the Weights and Measures of this Kingdom, where there has been no recent
establishment, will be taken what prevails at Leipsic.
Weight.— 1 pfund == 2 mark = 16 unze = 32 loth = 128quentlein » 512 pfennig
= 7680 gran.
Gold and silver are by the Mark of Cologne. Apothecary-weight is that of
NQmberg.
The Centner, or hundred-weight consists generally of 110 Pfund ; but for livenitock
it is only 102 Pfund ; that called berg-gewieht, at the mines, is 114 Pfund ; and tUM-
gewichti for iron and steel, is 118 Pfund.
Liquid Capacitt. — 1 fuder = 2f fass = 4 tonne = 6 ahm =s 12 eimer ss 14 anker
= 756 kann« = 1512 nOssel = 6048 quartier.
The Fuder of Dresden is similarly divided, but is smaller ; containing only 672 kanne
of Leipsic.
Drt Capacity. — 1 wispel = 2 malter = 24 scheffel = 96 viertel ss 384 metze = 1536
m&sschen.
Length. ~-l elle =s 2 fuss = 24 zoll = 240 linie.
The Fuss is also decimally divided.
] ruthe = 10 elle = 16 fuss.
Itinerart.— I polizei-meile = 2000 ruthe = 16000 elle = 32000 fuss.
1 post-meile = 1500 ruthe = 12000 elle = 24000 fuss.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen s= 300 square ruthe = 76800 square fuss.
THE TWO SICILIES.
The Weights and Measures of the Island of Sicily are given in the Dictionary,
corresponding to the localities of Messina, Palermo and Syracuse; they are too unsys-
tematic to be detailed here. What follows, belongs properly to the City and District
of Naples.
Weight. — 1 libbra a= 12 oncia == 360 trapeso = 7200 accino.
This weight is for gold and silver, for silk, for spices, for drugs and colors. All
other articles are weighed by the Rotolo of 2} Libbre, or 33^ Oncie.
The apothecary-unit is the same Libbra, but divided as follows :
1 libbra = 12 oncia = 120 drachma == 360 scrupolo = 7200 accino.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 carro =? 2 botta = 24 barile = 1440 caraffa.
1 salma, for oil = 16 staja = 256 quarto = 320 pignata = 1536 misurella.
Drt Capacity. — 1 carro = 36 tomolo = 864 misura.
Length and Distance. — 1 canna = 8 palmo = 96 oncia = 480 minute.
1 pertica, or passo = 7^ palmo.
1 miglio = 933^ passo = 7000 palmo.
Agrarian. — 1 moggia = 900 square passo = 50625 square palmo.
SPAIN.
The Weights and Measures given for this Kingdom apply especially to Castille,
and are recognized at Madrid. Considerable differences in value, and some also in
nomenclature, will be found in the Dictionary as existing in several of the great pro-
164 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
▼incea of Spain ; aa for example, in Valencia, where long comparative independence
naturally led to a result of this kind, which is further contributed to elsewhere by the
remarkable number of distinct races by which Spain is peopled. But these Tariations
are not sufficiently material to be detailed here.
Weight. — 1 libra s= 2 marco = 16 onza ae 128 ochava &> 256 adarme = 768 to-
mine =& 9216 grano.
Gold and silver are by tlie same weight ; but the Marco is the unit, and is divided
for gold only, as follows :
1 marco = 50 castellano ss 400 tomine = 4800 grano.
This division has been, to be sure, interdicted by law ; but it still remains, and is
especially exemplified in the former South-American dependencies of Spain.
In apothecary -weight : 1 libra = I ^ marco = 12 onza = 96 dracma = 288 escru-
pulo SB 576 obolo x= 1728 caracter, or quilate = 6912 grano.
1 tonelada = 20 quintal = 80 arroba = 2000 libra. .
1 quintal macho = 6 arroba = 150 libra.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 arroba mayor, or cantara = 4 quartilla = 8 azumbre = 32
quartillo = 128 copa.
This Arroba, in theory, should contain 35 Libras of distilled water, at the ordinary
pressure and temperature. . The Arroba menor for oil, is divided in the same manner ;
but weighs only 27 1 Libras, as before.
Dry Capacity. — 1 cahiz = 12 fanega =s 144 almude, or celemine = 288 medio s=s
576 quartillo = 2304 racion = 9216 ochavillo.
Length. — 1 vara = 3 pie, or tercia = 4 palmo, or quarta =c6 sesma as 36 pulgada
= 48 dedo = 432 linea = 5184 punto.
Distance. — 1 estadal bb 2 estado, toesa, or braza =s 2f paso as 4 vara = 8 codo s=3
12 pie.
There is also a former estadal, (before 1801,) which still serves as a basis for an
agrarian measure and s= 11 pie.
1 cuerda = 8i vara = 24 J pie = 33 palmo mayor.
But in Valencia : 1 cuerda = 20 braza = 40 vara.
1 legua (till 1568) = 3 milla = 24 estadio = 3000 paso = 5000 vara = 15000 pie.
1 legua (of Philip V.) = 7605 vara = 22815 pie.
This was a League of which 17 1 were supposed to make a degree, and was directed
to be used on all maps.
1 legua (since 1766) = 4800 paso = 8000 vara = 24000 pie.
It is by this, that the distances along the great roads are marked. But there is also
a Legua frequently used, estimated at 800 cuerda = 6600 vara = 19800 pie.
Agrarian.— 1 yugada = 50 fanegacla = 600 celemin = 2400 quartillo = 28800
square estadale = 460800 square vara.
But in Valencia ; 1 yugada = 6 cahizada = 36 fanegada = 7200 square braza ; and
is but the iV nearly of the legal yugada.
1 aran^ada (for vineyards and crops of oats) ss 400 square estadale s= 48400 square
pie : the estadale being here but 11 pie.
SWEDEN.
Weight.— 1 skJtlpund (viktualiewigt) = 16 untz = 321od = 128 qwintin = 8848 as.
There are several commercial pounds in this Kingdom, applicable under different
EUROPE.
155
circumstances and to different articles. But none are commensurable with the Skftl-
pund, except that called jemwigt, or the iron-pound, which is ^ of the other. They
are ail to be found in the Dictionary under the word Skeppund ; by which multiple,
indeed, they are usually counted.
GK>ld and silver is weighed by the Mark of Stockholm, which is incommensurable
with the Sk&lpund, but very nearly half of it. It is divided as follows :
1 mark = 8 untz = 16 lod s= 64 qwintin = 4384 as.
The apothecary-pound, or libra = 7416 as ; and is subdivided like the Niirnbeig
pound.
1 skeppund = 20 lispund = 400 pund.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 tunna = 48 kanna = 96 stop = 384 qwarter = 1S36 ort, or
jungfru.
Dry Capacity. — 1 tunna = 2 spann = A half-spann = 8 fjerding = 32 kappe sb
56 kanna = 112 stop = 448 qwarter = 1792 ort.
Length. — 1 famn = 3 aln = 6 fot = 72 tum = 864 linie.
But in late times the Foot is divided decimally for all purposes.
1 st&ng = 8 aln = 16 fot.
1 mil = 2250 st&ng = 6000 famn = 18000 aln = 36000 fot.
Agrarian. — 1 tunna = 2 spannland = 4 half-spannland = 8 f jerding s=x 32 kapp-
land = 56 kannland = 218^ square st^ng = 14000 square aln = 56000 square fot.
Solid.— 1 vedfamn = 6 F. long X 6 F. high X 3 F. deep = 108 cubic fot.
SWITZERLAND.
Nearly every one of the twenty-two Cantons of which this confederation is com-
posed, appears to present some variety in the values, subdivisions and nomenclature
of its Weights and Measures. To explain them summarily is impossible ; to expose
them in detail, would occupy a space manifestly disproportionate to their practical in-
terest. What prevails at Berne, Lucerne and Zurich, (the three Legislative Capitals,
biennially in rotation, of the Swiss confederacy,) is all that need be given here.
Berne.
Weight. — I pfund = 16 unze == 32 loth = 128 quent s= 512 pfennig.
This is the ordinary commercial weight ; that for gold and silver, etc., is divided
into 2 Marks, and then like the preceding. The Mark in this weight is the old Marc
of France ; the ordinary pfund = 17 onces poids de marc of France.
The apothecary-weight is, in fact, about ^ of one per cent, lighter than the Niini-
berg ; it is, no doubt, in theory the same, and is divided similarly.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 landfass = 6 saum = 24 eimer, or brenter = 600 mass =
2400 vierteli = 4800 becher.
Dry Capacity.— 1 miitt = 12 m&ss = 24 m&ssli ^ 48 immi = 96 achterli = 192
sechszehnerli.
Length. — 1 fuss = 12 zoU = 144 linie = 1728 secunde.
The steinbreeher fu88, used for quarrying and building-stone = 13 zoU. The Elle
happens to be exactly l-fih of the Fuss ; but this is an accidental coincidence, as they
are not used commensurably.
Itinerary. — 1 ruthe ^ 1 i klafler ss 3i wald-schritt =s 4 feld-schritt = 10 fuss.
156 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
The ordinary Swiss Meile is no longer commensurable with any Swiss foot. It
seems to have been originally 26666} Fuss ; for its length would not differ materially
from that multiple of the Fuss.
Agrarian. — 1 juchart, or feld acker = 400 square ruthe = 40000 square fuss.
For woodland, the Juchart is 450 ; for gardens 360 ; for meadow-land, 350 and 320 ;
and finally for suburban mensuration, 312^ squcu-e Ruthe.
SojLiD.^1 klafter = 6 F. long X 5 F. high X 3| F. deep = 108 solid fuss.
Lucerne.
Wbioht. — 1 pfund = 36 loth = 144 quentchen.
This is the division of Lucerne, proper ; but the weights of Zurich are also in use.
Qold and silver are weighed by the Mark of Zurich ; but the apothecary-pound is the
old medicinal weight of France.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 saum = 3^ ohm = 100 mass = 400 schoppen = 4000 prima.
Dry Capacity. — 1 malter = 4 miitt = 16 viertd = 32 halb-viertel = 160 immi =
256 becher =s 2560 prima.
Lenoth. — 1 elle = 2 schuh, or Rhein-fuss.
The carpenters' foot (tischler-schuh) is nearly 3 per cent, shorter *, and the builders'
and surveyors' foot (feld-schuh) 10 per cent, shorter than the Rhein-fuss. Other mea-
mutB are those of Zurich.
Zurich.
Weight. — 1 pfund = 18 unze = 36 loth == 144 quenten.
1 pfund (of Antorf, for gold and silver, etc.) =s 2 mark = 16 unze ss^ 32 loth = 128
quent = 512 pfennig.
This weight is f of the commercial weight. The apothecary-pound is that of
Lucerne.
Liduro Capacity. — 1 eimer (lauter-mass) = 4 viertel s= 30 kopf = 60 mass ss 120
qu&rtli = 240 stotzen.
The Eimer (stadt-mass) for wine in retail, is subdivided in the same manner, but is
10 per cent, smaller.
1 eimer (triibes mass) = 4 viertel = 32 kopf = 64 mass == 128 qu&rtli as 256 stotzen.
This Eimer (which, as its name implies, is for wine unrefined, as the lauter-mass is
for fined wine) is -jV larger than the latter.
Dry Capacity. — 1 malter =s 4 miitt = 16 viertel = 64 vierling a= 256 m&ssli ss
576 immi.
The Malter for grain generally, and all dry seeds and fruits (glatte frucht) contains
12^ cubic feet ; that for oats and for green articles (leguminous growth, rauKe fnidU)
contains 12iV cubic feet.
Length. — 1 fuss = 12 zoll = 144 linie = 133 lignes de Paris.
The same Fuss is divided decimally by surveyors. The architectural foot, since
1820, is T Wv longer, but divided like the ordinary Fuss.
1 ruthe = 2 elle s= 10 fuss.
Agrarian. — ^The ordinary juchart s=s 400 square ruthe = 4000 square fuss.
There are also Juchart in the same variety (except the very smallest) and similarly
applicable as at Berne.
EUROPE. 167
Solid.— 1 klafter, for fire-wood = 6 P. long X 6 F. high X 4 P. deep = 144
cubic fuss.
There are also Klafler of 72 and 108 cubic fuss ; the bDlets being 2 and 3 feet long
respectively.
The EJafler for turf (torb-klafter) contains 12 korb of 6 cubic fuss, each =± 72 cubic
fuss.
In 1828, a new system of Weights and Measures was proposed and adopted for the
Cantons of Aarau, Basel, Berne, Friburg, Lucerne, Solothum and Yaud; which
rested upon the metrical system of France : but, except in the Canton of Vaud, it has
not been generally carried out.
TUSCANY.
tVKiGHT. — 1 libbra = 12 oncia = 96 drachma = 288 denaro = 6912 grano.
The same weight answers for gold and silver, and for apothecary use. The legal
Centinajo or Cantaro (as in all the cases hitherto not specially mentioned) is 100 Lib-
bre ; but the Cantaro for wool, meat and salt-fish is yet 160 Libbre.
Liquid Capacity .~-1 barile s=s 20 fiasco s=s 40 boccale sr 80 mezzetta ss 160 quar-
tuccio : weighing 133^ libbra.
1 barile for oil, or orcio = 16 fiasco = 32 boccale = 64 mezzetta ss 128 quar.
tuccio ; weighing 120 libbre.
The Soma for oil is 2 Barile.
The Barile of alcohol, brandy and rum weighs 120 libbre.
Dry Capacity. — 1 moggio = 8 sacco = 24 stajo = 48 mina =s 96 quarto »= 384
metadella = 768 mezzetta = 1536 quartuccio = 3072 bussole.
Length. — 1 canna = 4 braccio ^ 8 palmo = 80 soldo = 960 denaro.
1 canna (architects and surveyors') or pertica = 2| passetto ss 5 braccio = 10
palmo = 60 crazia = 100 soldo = 300 quattriuo = 1200 denaro.
Itinerary. — 1 cavezzo = 2 passo = 6 braccio.
1 miglio = 566 1 canna (architects') = 2833 1 braccio = 5666} palmo.
Agrarian. — 1 saccato = 10 stajolo = 13J stioro = 165 panoro =s 660 square per-
tica s= 16500 square braccio.
WttRTEMBERG.
Weight. — ^Divided as the Prussian ; from which it differs but slightly in value.
Grold and silver are weighed by the Mark of Cologne ; and medicine, by the apothe-
cary-weight of Niimberg.
Liquid Capacity. — 1 fuder = 6 eimer = 96 immi = 960 mass = 3840 schoppen.
The Eimer is of a different capacity, according as it is for clear or unrefined wine.
The latter is nearly 4| per cent, larger than the former.
Dry Capacity. — I scheffel = 8 simri = 32 vierling, or viertel =s 64 achtel =a: 128
m&sslein = 256 ecklein = 1024 viertelein.
Length.^1 fuss s 10 zoll = 100 linie =1000 punkt.
This measure was established in 1806 ; when the Fuss was fixed at 127 %iie« d»
Paris. The Elle is not aliquot with the Fuss ; being 2147 lignes de Paris.
1 ruthe = 1} klafter = 10 fuss.
168 WEIGHT AND MEASURE SYSTEMS.
•
This la the modern division. In the older habits there was P. a Ruthe of 16 Fuss ;
ft*, one of 12 Rheinfuss ; and 3°. one of 15 Rheinfuss. These different lengths
affected, of course, the value of the acre.
Agrarian. — 1 morgen = 4 viertelmorgen = 384 square ruthe = 38400 square fuss.
This is the legal measure ; which corresponds in value with the old count of 150
square Ruthe (of 16 Fuss in length) to the Morgen. There is, also, the little Morgen
(old measure) of 150 square Ruthe (No. 3) s 33750 square Rheinfuss ; and the great
Morgen (old measure) containing 400 square Ruthe (No. 2) as 57600 square Rhein*
fuss.
1 juchart, or jauohert sr 1) morgen.
WM. MINIFIE & OO.
ALSO PUBLISH THE FOLLOWING VALUABLE WORKS :
A TEXT BOOK
OF
MECHANICAL DRAWING,
FOB SELF-INSTRUCTION.
CONTAININO :
A series of progressive practical problems in Geometry, with full explanations,
couched in plain and simple terms; showing also the construction of the Parallel
Ruler, Plane Scales and Protractor.
Examples for drawing Plans, Sections and Elevations of Buildings and
Machinery, the mode of drawing elevations from Circular and Polygonal
plans, and the Drawing of Roman and Grecian Mouldings.
An introduction to Isometrical Drawing.
A treatise on Linear Perspective, with numerous examples and full explana-
tions, rendering the study of the art easy and agreeable.
Examples for the projection of shadows.
THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED WITH
FIFTY-SIX STEEL PLATES,
Containing over Two Hundred Diagrams.
By WILLIAM MINIFIE. Architect,
And Teicher of Drawing in the Central High School of Baltimore*
SECOND EDITION.
PRICE— $3.00.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
From, the BaUimore American.
" We have examined with pleasure a very useful work, entitled, A Text Book of Geo-
metrical Drawino, just published by our townsman, Mr. Wm. Minifie, Architect, and
Teacher of Drawing in the Central High School of Baltimore. The work is designed for the
use of Mechanics and Schools, and has also been prepared for those who desire to instruct
themselves. For this purpose the author has taken care to employ the most simple terms in
his definitions as well as nis problems, and has illustrated his lessons for drawing Buildings,
Machinery, &c., with fifty-six Steel Plates. This work is designed to supply a want which tne
author experienced in his course of instruction ; and is the result of a well- digested plan which
he found promotive of great benefit amons his scholars. With a judgment that does not always
accompany talent, the author has adapted nis lessons to their practical application in eveiy-day
business, and thus while the scholar learns the art of Mechanical Drawing, he also learns what
is equally essential, its adaptation to all useful purposes. We regard Mr. Minifie's work as one
likely to confer great benefits on the rising generation, as a knowledge of what it teaches is of
consequence to every one — to the mechanic who reduces the an to practice, and to the
merchant or the capitalist who tests the mechanic's skill by its application to his work."
From ik$ Wathington National InidUgeneer.
" Tb« style ind order of amngement seems to have arisen from a practical intimacy with the
subject ; ikoie difficuUiei are.chuifly dwelt on which are Ukety to ariae tn actual working ca»e9, and
with actual workmen ; and these are so treated, with minute and particular rules, accompanied
with abundant and perspicuous drawing, as to render the book quite adapted to the purpose of
self-instruction. Indeed, one who patiently and carefully goes tnrough it could not oe said, so
far as principles and methods are concerned, any longer to want a master, while, as regards
neatness of execution, the plates are quite sufficient to serve as models for the learner.
" On the whole, we have good authority for saying that to uufiil and to cheap a book for all
who are concerned in the arb of building and design, has not appeared for a long time."
J^rom the New York Scientific jSmerican,
** It is the best work on Drawing that we have ever seen, and is especially a text-book of
Geometrical Drawing for the use of Mechanics and Schools. No young Mechanic, such as a
Machinist, Enoinekr, Cabinet Maker, Millwright or Carpenter, should l>e without
it. It is illustrated with fifty-six Steel Plates, and contains more than two hundred Diagrams.
The author, Mr. Minifie, snows that he is master of his subject in all its various branches,
which he has illustrated with Plans, Sections, Elevations, Perspective and Linear Views of
Buildings and Machinery. Such Books — are Books.
'* The price is very moderate, considering the quality, the sterling worth and style of the
work."
From the New York Farmer and Mecfianic,
" We cannot too highly recommend so useful a work to the favorable notice of those who have
not yet availed themselves of an opportunity to procure the beat Mechanical Drawing Book
which has yet been published."
From Vie American Rail Road Journal,
" MiNiFiE*s Text Book or Mechanical Drawino. — We are happy to call the attention
of our readers to this work. It is recommended by artists and gentlemen who are best Qualified
among us -to judge correctly of its merits, as being the mott thorough and complete work of the
kind entr publithed in thit country y and as indispensable to those whose business requires a know-
ledge of the principles of (Geometrical Drawing or Sketching, and as a suitable guide and com-
panion to amateurs in this delightful art. It has received universal commen&tion fix>m the
press, and we believe it fully merits all that has been said in its praise."
From the Philadelphia Public Ledger,
** This will be found a most excellent text book, by an accomplished teacher of Architectural
and Mechanical Drawing. The problems are all selected with a view to their practical applica-
tion in the eveiy-day business of the Engineer, Architect and Artizan."
From Vie Philadelphia North jSmerican,
'* A good and thorough text book, worthy the notice of teachers and young draughtsmen.*'
From M*Makin*» Model Journal,
** It is, indeed, in all respects, a very excellent and a very timely book."
From the Richmond Daily Whig,
** We regard it as a book evincing^ great thoroughness in the subject on which it treats ; one
which must supply a deficiency which has long been felt, and one which must prove an invidu-
able assistant, either to the theoretical teacher or to the practical artizan. It is a book also for
self-instruction. The drawings are very numerous, and the plates admirably executed."
MINIFIE'S GEOMETRICAL DRAWING BOOK.
ABRTDGED FROM THE ABOVE "WORK.
FOR THE USE OP SCHOOLS.
Illustrated with 48 Steel Plates, full bound Sheep.
PRICE — ^1.25.
The Publishers would respectfully call the attention of Teachers to this
Abridgment; the illustrations are well executed, on steel; printed on good
paper, and bound in a substantial manner.
It is used as a text book in the High School of Baltimore, and in numerous
Schools and Colleges throughout the Union.
^
HA
J, *
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11